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The treatment is still a challenge because of relapses and\/or incomplete re\u2010pigmentation. Although the exact cause is still unclear, its pathogenesis seems to be justifiable with the autoimmune theory, supported by the results of clinical research. In this narrative review, we aimed to summarize the evidence related to cytokines and vitiligo development. This review is consisted of English articles published in PubMed and Google Scholar concerning levels of inflammatory mediators, especially interleukins, in vitiligo patients over the last 20\u2009years. References of relevant articles were also considered for review. Crucial role of dysregulated levels of interleukins and their synergistic function to each other, in the onset or progression of the disease is evident. The theory of autoimmune vitiligo is reinforced by the results of the studies in the literature, due to the association of pathogenesis with increased secretion of pro\u2010inflammatory mediators and reduction of anti\u2010inflammatory mediators. Decreased vitamin D levels may have a considerable role in vitiligo development by affecting Th1\u2010 and Th17\u2010related immune responses. Cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis or progression of the disease. Moreover, we believe that decreased vitamin D level has a considerable role in vitiligo development by affecting Th1\u2010 and Th17\u2010related immune responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,24]],"date-time":"2022-07-24T10:08:35Z","timestamp":1658657315000},"page":"6314-6325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The role of cytokines and vitamin D in vitiligo pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Amir Mohammad","family":"Beyzaee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8646-1179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamad","family":"Goldust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9455-4025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anant","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Dr. DY Patil Medical College  Navi Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghasem Rahmatpour","family":"Rokni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Beyzaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05660"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2019.1550358"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v3.i3.221"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.16049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2008.00462.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2003.00070.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.11.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2003.00032.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"981","article-title":"Genetic epidemiology of vitiligo: multilocus recessivity cross\u2010validated","volume":"55","author":"Nath SK","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470760116.ch4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13543776.2016.1215434"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15624"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-29316-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2003.00023.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3780318"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07642.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1993.tb00168.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"329","article-title":"Interleukin\u20108. 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