{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T20:02:13Z","timestamp":1774987333766,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cationic liposomes can enhance the permeability of drugs in 3\u2010D skin. Chitosan is considered a safe material for percutaneous delivery; thus, this study uses chitosan\u2010incorporated cationic liposomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigated the improvement in skin brightness, melanin, and melasma after treatment niacinamide\u2010incorporated chitosan cationic liposomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A skin brightening agent, niacinamide, was formulated into cationic liposomes to facilitate percutaneous absorption and was clinically tested in 21 Korean female subjects. Cationic liposomes were prepared using a high\u2010pressure homogenizer after mixing an oil phase containing lecithin and cholesterol and an aqueous phase containing niacinamide and chitosan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cationic liposomes exhibited stability over 28\u2009days, with a particle size of 255\u2013275\u2009nm and zeta potential of 10\u201314\u2009mV. Cationic liposomes containing niacinamide and a control formulation were applied to the left and right side of the face, respectively, twice daily for 28\u2009days. Skin brightness, melanin index, and area of melasma were significantly enhanced where cationic liposomes were used, in comparison with formulations without cationic liposomes, demonstrating a 1.38\u20132.08\u2010fold improvement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thus, we established that chitosan liposomes augmented the percutaneous absorption of niacinamide and improved the appearance of the skin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T09:25:20Z","timestamp":1662110720000},"page":"6822-6829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Clinical evaluation of the brightening effect of chitosan\u2010based cationic liposomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Mi So","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science Kangwon National University  Chuncheon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Su Ji","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Lab. Cosmax R&amp;I Center  Seongnam\u2010si Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun Bae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Lab. Cosmax R&amp;I Center  Seongnam\u2010si Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4346-9154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyuk Sang","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science Kangwon National University  Chuncheon Korea"},{"name":"Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology (KIIT) Kangwon National University  Chuncheon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22159\/ijap.2017.v9s1.39_45"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2015.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11070326"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12695"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41702-020-0058-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5739.56-b"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.202000413"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.58.4.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.1997.8.13-1585"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiosc.2010.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(99)00365-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.23282"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S249625"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2014.09.004"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocd.15350","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jocd.15350","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocd.15350","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T10:30:16Z","timestamp":1706783416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jocd.15350"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jocd.15350"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocd.15350","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1473-2130","1473-2165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1473-2130","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2165","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-04-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}