{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T21:15:53Z","timestamp":1764018953310,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several studies demonstrated the efficacy of intralesional purified protein derivative (PPD) immunotherapy in warts eradication. Nevertheless, the precise induced immune mechanisms are undetermined. Injected PPD is hypothesized to induce a delayed hypersensitivity reaction associated with cytokines release. Interleukin (IL)\u201018 has a major role in defense against viral infection via inducing interferon\u2010\u03b3 release from T\u2010helper 1 and natural killer (NK) cells. Moreover, IL\u201018 triggers Fas ligand expression on cytotoxic T cells and NK cells enhancing their cytotoxicity against virally infected cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to assess the role of IL\u201018 in the response to intralesional PPD injection in patients with warts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 25 patients with warts and 25 HCs. Patients underwent PPD skin test, and only patients with positive tests were included and received intralesional PPD injections starting 72\u2009h after the test then every 2\u2009weeks until wart clearance or a maximum of 3 sessions. Serum IL\u201018 level was measured via enzyme\u2010linked immune\u2010sorbent assay in patients (pre\u2010treatment and 2\u2009weeks after the last injection) and HCs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After 3 sessions of injection, six (24%) patients were designated responders, nine (36%) patients showed partial response, and 10 (40%) patients were designated non\u2010responders. Serum IL\u201018 level, post\u2010treatment, was significantly higher than pre\u2010treatment level (<jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.025) and level in HCs (<jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.036). Furthermore, the post\u2010treatment level was significantly higher in responders than non\u2010responders (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.025).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>IL\u201018 is probably implicated in the immune mechanisms induced by PPD injection that cause eradication of warts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T07:29:12Z","timestamp":1662362952000},"page":"7035-7042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Interleukin\u201018 serum level before and after intralesional immunotherapy with tuberculin purified protein derivative in patients with cutaneous and genital warts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9548-7197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadeer Hazem Abo","family":"Korsa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine Suez Canal University  Ismailia Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8158-6474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hebat\u2010Allah Hassan","family":"Nashaat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Suez Canal University  Ismailia Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4310-1576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Halim Maher","family":"Halim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine Suez Canal University  Ismailia Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mona A.","family":"Atwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine Suez Canal University  Ismailia Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8144-0926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radwa El\u2010Sayed","family":"Mahmoud Marie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine Suez Canal University  Ismailia Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13779"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13496"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13921"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2012.01002.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14839"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/540850"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.EWX.0000471573.70688.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030649"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.3.1306"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00763"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.3.2401-2409.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13682"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2004.01176.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14876"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2010.01388.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Therapeutic 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