{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T16:15:43Z","timestamp":1775664943316,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]],"date-time":"2022-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["45\/07\/2020\u2010Hae\/BMS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["45\/07\/2020\u2010Hae\/BMS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Melasma is a skin condition that causes increased epidermal pigmentation, enlarged melanocytes, increased melanosomes, solar elastosis, dermal blood vessels, and, occasionally, perivascular lymph histiocytic infiltrates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To develop the film\u2010forming gel to alleviate melasma. Tranexamic acid was used as a model drug to evaluate the suitability of formulation to prevent symmetric hyperpigmentation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>FFG is a hydrophilic polymeric cross\u2010linked system loaded with an active moiety. Nine different formulations of 2% TXA were formulated using polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 50\u2009cP as film\u2010forming polymers. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, and carbopol were used as gelling agents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>F7, F8, and F9 showed shorter DT, that is, 11, 8, and 12\u2009min, respectively. The folding endurance of F7, F8, and F9 was &gt;100 folds, and the pH of F7, F8, and F9 was &gt;6. Among three formulations, F8 was further analyzed for in vitro drug diffusion, which showed &gt;95% drug diffusion within 48\u2009h. In vivo, the skin irritation potential of F8 was estimated using BAL\/C mice, which confirmed the absence of skin irritation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>From the obtained results, we conclude that the FFG can be a strategic attempt to deliver the cosmeceutical drugs like TXA to alleviate Melasma with improved sustainability of the drug.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T07:15:00Z","timestamp":1664608500000},"page":"6863-6874","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Design and development of tranexamic acid loaded film\u2010forming gel to alleviate melasma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4449-480X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naga Thirumalesh","family":"Chevala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Udupi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenica Alwin","family":"Dsouza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Udupi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hitesh","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Udupi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2418-9712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lalit","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Udupi India"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-017-0194-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.142484"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14764172.2018.1427874"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S191964"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1683414","article-title":"Tranexamic acid for adults with melasma: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"2018","author":"Zhang L","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Res 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