{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:07:21Z","timestamp":1790381241872,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autoimmune and metabolic disturbances have been reported in association with vitiligo, highlighting possible systemic associations that should be considered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the possible association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) as well as insulin resistance (IR) with vitiligo in different age groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This case\u2013control study included 142 patients with vitiligo aging\u2009\u2265\u20096\u2009years and 142 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched controls. Participants were assessed for MetS using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria in addition to IR via homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA\u2010IR). The study was registered at Clinical <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/trials.gov\">Trials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>, Identifier: NCT03622320, on August 9, 2018.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>As per the IDF criteria, patients with vitiligo showed significantly more frequent association with high fasting plasma glucose levels, high blood pressure readings, central obesity, dyslipidemia, and MetS than controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.020, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.034, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.014, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.001, and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.002, respectively). Moreover, patients with vitiligo have significantly higher levels of fasting insulin and HOMA\u2010IR (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u20090.001). Results obtained from patients with vitiligo and controls with coexistent MetS\/IR demonstrated vitiligo as a risk factor for both MetS and IR. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression highlighted that older age was the significant independent predictor for MetS and IR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with vitiligo showed a significantly higher incidence of MetS than controls. Vitiligo per se can be considered a risk factor for MetS and IR. Therefore, regular follow\u2010up and early metabolic derangement diagnoses are mandatory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T06:38:39Z","timestamp":1665211119000},"page":"7170-7177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Different vitiligo characteristics as predictors of increased risk of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: A case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2364-3151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Dermatology Department Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samar","family":"El\u2010Tahlawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Dermatology Department Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9929-5413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rania M.","family":"Mogawer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Dermatology Department Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mervat","family":"El Ansary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Pathology Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samia","family":"Esmat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Dermatology Department Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa","family":"El\u2010Hawary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Dermatology Department Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa061592"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.08.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1141"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/balkanmedj.2016.1005"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.14717","article-title":"Association between vitiligo and relevant components of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"20","author":"Kang P","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08712.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800141-7.00004-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-5996-1-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","unstructured":"The IDFConsensus definition of the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. 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