{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T16:13:23Z","timestamp":1780503203811,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tranexamic acid, a synthetic derivative of the amino acid lysine, is an antifibrinolytic, procoagulant agent approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of cyclic heavy menstrual bleeding and prevention of bleeding in patients with hemophilia undergoing tooth extraction. Oral tranexamic acid has been used off\u2010label in dermatology in the treatment of melasma and other hyperpigmentation disorders. In a recent study, oral tranexamic acid was reviewed thoroughly in treating melasma, and its effectiveness was demonstrated. Their role in treating other hyperpigmentation disorders has also been tried in several studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To review the evidence regarding the use of tranexamic acid in treating different types of hyperpigmentation disorders other than melasma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>A comprehensive literature review was searched using the electronic online database \u201cPubMed\u201d and \u201cgoogle scholar\u201d using key words \u201cPostinflammatory hyperpigmentation,\u201d \u201clichen planus pigmentosus,\u201d \u201cashy dermatosis,\u201d \u201criehl melanosis\u201d. After that, a full\u2010text review of the studies was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral tranexamic acid has been used in different types of hyperpigmentation disorder, including postinflammatory hyperpigmentation treatment and prevention, lichen planus pigmentosus, ashy dermatosis, and Riehl melanosis in a dose range from 250\u2009mg per day to 1500\u2009mg per day for a period range from 2\u2009weeks to 6\u2009months with variable efficacy and a good safety profile.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral tranexamic acid is a promising treatment option in a different type of hyperpigmentation disorders refractory to topical treatment. However, more evidence from blinded randomized controlled trials and case\u2013control studies is needed to determine their efficacy in treating various hyperpigmentation disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T07:30:40Z","timestamp":1672212640000},"page":"1157-1162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Oral tranexamic acid in the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorder beyond melasma: A review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Taghreed Tariq","family":"Mahjoub","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Al\u2010Aziziah and King Fahad general hospital, Ministry of health  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heba Hamza","family":"Milibary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al\u2010 Thaghar general hospital, Ministry of health  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199957060-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3126\/kumj.v10i4.10993"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.12835"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","volume-title":"Tranexamic Acid","author":"Chauncey JM","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-1811(92)90050-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-016-8540-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000078469.07362.E6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36849\/JDD.5622"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"62","article-title":"Dramatic improvement of long lasting post\u2010inflammatory hyperpigmentation by oral and topical tranexamic acid","volume":"2","author":"Kim JK","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol Sci Appl"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14764172.2015.1114634"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.01957.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23135"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17140\/DRMTOJ-4-135"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12264"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2016.1187706"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000003122"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000001518"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocd.15561","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jocd.15561","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocd.15561","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T22:13:09Z","timestamp":1692569589000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jocd.15561"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jocd.15561"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocd.15561","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1473-2130","1473-2165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1473-2130","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2165","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-10-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-29","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}