{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:39:23Z","timestamp":1791920363870,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immunostimulatory and antiproliferative therapies have been widely used for the treatment of multiple warts. Recently, anti\u2010HPV activity of ionic contra viral therapy (ICVT) which is comprised of combined digoxin and furosemide has been demonstrated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate and compare the effectiveness and safety of intralesional injection of <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> antigen, vitamin D3, and combined digoxin and furosemide in the treatment of multiple warts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy\u2010five patients with numerous warts were randomly assigned to one of three equal groups: <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> antigen, vitamin D3, or a combination of digoxin and furosemide. In the <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> antigen group, injections into the biggest wart were done. In the vitamin D3 and combined digoxin\/furosemide groups, the agent was injected into each wart with a maximum of five injected warts. Injections were repeated every 2\u2009weeks until clearance or for a total of five sessions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a statistically significant difference in the overall therapeutic response among the studied groups in favor of the intralesional <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> antigen group (60%), followed by the vitamin D3 group (48%) and the ionic contraviral therapy group (28%) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02). However, the difference between both <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> antigen and vitamin D groups was not significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.59).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intralesional <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> antigen immunotherapy and vitamin D3 antiproliferative therapy are significantly more effective than ICVT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title><jats:p>Short follow\u2010up period and relatively small sample size.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T08:53:16Z","timestamp":1672995196000},"page":"1344-1353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A comparative clinico\u2010dermoscopic study of intralesional injection of combined digoxin and furosemide, <i>Candida<\/i> antigen, and vitamin <scp>D3<\/scp> for multiple warts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Nasr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University  Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Abdelaty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University  Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basma M.","family":"Elkholy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University  Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection","author":"IARC Working Group on 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of therapeutic effectiveness of Vit \u2013 D3 injections in common warts in a tertiary care center","volume":"5","author":"Banoth S","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12997"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1203475417704180"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"546","article-title":"Comparative study of Intralesional vitamin D3 injection and Candida Albicans antigen in treating plantar warts","volume":"20","author":"Abdelaal MA","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-013-0018-8"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cosmetic 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