{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T03:11:37Z","timestamp":1789614697360,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81671933"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81671933"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>By analyzing the distribution and drug resistance of common pathogen in different sites in plastic surgery to provide reference for clinicians to choose the best antibacterial treatment plan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pathogens of postoperative infection in plastic surgery from January 2011 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed to determine the species and quantity, and to access the trend of each pathogen's detection rate. The antibiotic sensitivity and distribution characteristics of common pathogens were studied in conjunction with the site of infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1709 bacterial strains were detected, including 1244 gram\u2010positive bacterial strains and 465 gram\u2010negative bacterial strains. The main pathogen of perineum was <jats:italic>Escherichia coli (E.\u00a0coli)<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.\u00a0aeruginosa)<\/jats:italic>, while <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus (S.\u00a0aureus)<\/jats:italic> was the most common pathogen in the other infected sites. The detection rate of <jats:italic>methicillin\u2010resistant S.\u00a0aureus (MRSA)<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>methicillin\u2010resistant coagulase\u2010negative staphylococcus (MRCNS)<\/jats:italic> was on the rise from 2011 to 2021. No <jats:italic>S.\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>coagulase\u2010negative staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>CoNS<\/jats:italic>) strains were resistant to vancomycin. The sensitive rate of <jats:italic>S.\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic> from all parts and <jats:italic>CoNS<\/jats:italic> from all sites except lower limbs and mandible was higher than 80% to linezolid. The resistance rate of <jats:italic>S.\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CoNS<\/jats:italic> in all parts to penicillin, clindamycin, and erythromycin was high. The susceptibility rate of <jats:italic>CoNS<\/jats:italic> in lower mandible was high to gentamicin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> was the primary pathogen of gram\u2010positive bacteria in all site of plastic surgery except perineum, followed by <jats:italic>CoNS<\/jats:italic>. The distribution and drug resistance of pathogen in different infection sites were different. We should formulate more accurate and reasonable antibacterial programs according to drug resistance results of various parts to reduce the emergence of resistant strains and effectively prevent and control infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T09:15:23Z","timestamp":1672996523000},"page":"1575-1584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Analysis of pathogen distribution and antimicrobial resistance at infected sites in plastic surgery"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Fengli","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueshang","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cicatrix Minimally Invasive Treatment Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuduo","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hair, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Disease The Fifth People's Hospital of Hainan Province  Haikou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Outpatient Department, Plastic Surgery Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2036-2343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jintian","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cicatrix Minimally Invasive Treatment Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingsong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sien","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30325-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2019.28.Sup3b.S4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, m100","author":"CLSI","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2017.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-020-01923-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e3181c1feff"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"291","article-title":"Microbiology of breast tissue expanders","volume":"25","author":"Molska M","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contemp Oncol (Pozn)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1717082"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1717146"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"499","article-title":"The risk factors, etiology, and drug resistance of infection after plastic surgery, and corresponding measures","volume":"72","author":"Wang G","year":"2017","journal-title":"Minerva Chir"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"181","article-title":"Current trends in antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli","volume":"416","author":"Paitan Y","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2018.00864"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25122888"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9040830"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.661798"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000003752","article-title":"Study of infections in breast augmentation surgery with implants in 9,691 patients over 5\u2009years","volume":"9","author":"Mesa F","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.01.008"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocd.15600","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jocd.15600","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocd.15600","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T23:36:02Z","timestamp":1692660962000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jocd.15600"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jocd.15600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocd.15600","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1473-2130","1473-2165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1473-2130","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2165","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-06-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}