{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:11:40Z","timestamp":1788826300528,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004320","name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Insulin\u2010like growth factor 1 (IGF\u20101) plays a role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Metformin can reduce IGF\u20101 levels and insulin resistance, so it may be useful in treating acne.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study compared the efficacy of metformin and doxycycline in treating patients with acne vulgaris.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this assessor\u2010blind, add\u2010on, randomized controlled clinical trial, we enrolled 40 patients with moderate acne vulgaris aged 15\u201340 and randomly divided them into two groups. For two months, the first group received doxycycline 100\u2009mg capsules daily, and the second received metformin 500\u2009mg tablets twice daily. The patients in both groups were adminitered to apply a fingertip (fourth finger) of 5% benzoyl peroxide gel (Pangel\u00ae) topically every night over the lesions, and to wash it off after 30\u2009min. Patients were evaluated using the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) score, Investigator Global Assessment for Acne (IGA) score, Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI), Total Acne Lesion Count (TLC), and the number of inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>By the end of the study, the GAGS, IGA, CADI, and TLC scores and the number of inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions decreased significantly in both groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with no significant difference between the two groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This trial indicates equal efficacy of doxycycline and metformin in reducing acne vulgaris severity, with doxycycline performing better in reducing lesions of the inflammatory type. Confirmatory or equivalence clinical trials should be performed to confirm our results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T07:53:50Z","timestamp":1683014030000},"page":"2816-2823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Efficacy of metformin vs. doxycycline in treating acne vulgaris: An assessor\u2010blinded, add\u2010on, randomized, controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Maryam Sadat","family":"Sadati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Department of Dermatology Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazafarin","family":"Yazdanpanah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Department of Dermatology Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5454-495X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Shahriarirad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rojan","family":"Javaheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1856-945X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Mahdi","family":"Parvizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Dermatology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1702493"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","first-page":"475","article-title":"Acne vulgaris: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"100","author":"Og\u00e9 LK","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.17633"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"1714","article-title":"Acne vulgaris","volume":"2011","author":"Purdy S","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ Clin Evid"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"740","article-title":"Acne vulgaris: treatment guidelines from the AAD","volume":"95","author":"Croke LM","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12576"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Oral doxycycline in the management of acne vulgaris: current perspectives on clinical use and recent findings with a new double\u2010scored small tablet formulation","volume":"8","author":"Del Rosso JQ","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Overview on doxycycline\u2010and its adverse reactions","volume":"7","author":"Laturkar K","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Adv Pharm Biotech"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.15862"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Metformin in skin diseases","volume":"108","author":"Kadylak D","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatol Rev\/Przeglad Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1997.00099.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","unstructured":"Health UDo Food HS Evaluation DACfD Research.Guidance for industry; 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