{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T09:35:39Z","timestamp":1788428139584,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The combination of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT\/A) and energy equipment have been widely used in the clinic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether the energy of microneedle fractional radiofrequency (MFR) affects the efficacy of BoNT\/A and to provide an optimal strategy for the energy device in combination with BoNT\/A in the clinic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>First, a total of 45 females with moderate\u2010to\u2010severe periorbital crow's feet wrinkles were enrolled and divided into three groups according to different treatment methods and intervals, including BoNT\/A injection alone, BoNT\/A injected immediately after MFR treatment and BoNT\/A injected 7\u2009days after MFR treatment. The photographs were compared before treatment and 4\u2009weeks after treatment. Then, the mouse models were established by combining MFR with BoNT\/A at different intervals, to evaluate muscle strength, muscle mass, muscle nutritional markers, and important cytokines levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All patients in each group had high satisfaction. The MFR\u2009+\u2009BoNT\/A (immediately) group could improve dynamic wrinkles, but the others had more significant efficacy (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The results of mouse models showed that all BoNT\/A groups induced different degrees of muscle paralysis in vivo, but the paralytic effect induced by the BoNT\/A group, MFR\u2009+\u2009BoNT\/A (interval of 3\u2010day) group, and MFR\u2009+\u2009BoNT\/A (interval of 7\u2010day) group were higher than others and the expression levels of muscle nutritional markers in NMJ tissues were significantly upregulated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>MFR has a certain reduction effect on the activity of BoNT\/A, and this reduction effect would last for 3\u2009days after MFR treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T15:00:12Z","timestamp":1684335612000},"page":"2008-2017","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Does microneedle fractional radiofrequency system inactivate botulinum toxin type A?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8370-8076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lanlan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital Army Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaopeng","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital Army Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaoying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital Army Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital Army Medical University  Chongqing 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