{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T17:41:37Z","timestamp":1773769297309,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]],"date-time":"2024-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]],"date-time":"2024-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731110400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Acne vulgaris (AV) is a multifactorial inflammatory skin disorder, affecting 9.45% of the world's population. AV can be painful, discomforting, and disfiguring due to scarring, leading to physiological distress, and economic burden. AV pathogenies can be due to various factors, key ones include follicular plugging, colonization by the microorganism, endocrinological factors, and inflammation. Gram\u2010positive bacteria\n                      <jats:italic>Cutibacterium acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                      are the most common pathogens isolated from patients with AV.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study aimed to investigate the anti\u2010acne activity of whole human saliva against bacteria that cause AV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The saliva sample from four different individuals was collected at three different intervals. These samples were used to perform antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) against the pathogens. Kirby\u2013Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test, and Broth dilution method using Resazurin were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The human saliva was effective in inhibiting\n                      <jats:italic>Cutibacterium acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                      those causing AV. The Minimum inhibitory activity and disc diffusion assay depicted potency of saliva. The pH of the saliva samples was found to be more acidic in the morning samples when compared with the evening samples. The afternoon sample was found to be more effective when compared with the other two intervals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Saliva shows effective anti\u2010acne activity by inhibiting the growth and proliferation of acne\u2010causing bacteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.16369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]],"date-time":"2024-11-09T12:39:39Z","timestamp":1731155979000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of\n                    <scp>anti\u2010acne<\/scp>\n                    activity of human whole saliva against acne vulgaris: An in\u00a0vitro study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6431-3106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyween Jia","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research  Belagavi Karnataka India"},{"name":"Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Centre, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research  Belagavi Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7463-8037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suneel","family":"Dodamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Centre, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research  Belagavi Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8342-0323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atrey J.","family":"Pai Khot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences King George's Medical University  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2166-1740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vaibhav","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. GD Pol Foundation YMT Dental College and Hospital  Navi Mumbai Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3369-9925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sultan A.","family":"Almalki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University  Alkharj 11942 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3920-8082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inderjit M.","family":"Gowdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University  Alkharj 11942 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jdds.jdds_39_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.osfp.2013.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","unstructured":"Reportlinker.Global Acne Market Report for 2016\u20102026. 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