{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T11:01:20Z","timestamp":1781089280237,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acne vulgaris is a very common inflammatory skin disease that significantly impacts the quality of life of affected individuals. Previous studies have indicated that individuals with acne vulgaris often have low levels of zinc, selenium, and vitamin D. However, these three nutrients have rarely been collectively examined in a single study. The objective of this study was to compare serum levels of zinc, selenium, and vitamin D in patients with acne vulgaris in comparison to a control group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This case\u2013control study included 100 adult patients with acne vulgaris attending a dermatology clinic, in 2020. A group of 100 patients without acne vulgaris attending the same clinics were evaluated as controls. Participants' sociodemographic characteristics, including age, sex, occupation, alcohol consumption, and tobacco smoking were recorded. In addition, anthropometric indices, such as weight and height, were measured and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated accordingly. Acne severity was determined using Tutakne and Chari's grading system. Serum zinc, selenium, and vitamin D levels were evaluated in peripheral blood samples of all the participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acne patients and controls were comparable regarding age, sex, weight, height, BMI, occupation, alcohol consumption, and tobacco smoking (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Serum zinc, selenium, and vitamin D levels were all significantly lower in acne patients than in controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Furthermore, the frequency of abnormal zinc and vitamin D levels was significantly higher in acne patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001, respectively), but there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding abnormal serum selenium levels (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.228). Also, serum zinc, selenium, and vitamin D levels lower levels in patients with grade 4 acne compared to other disease severity grades (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with acne vulgaris have lower levels of serum zinc, selenium, and vitamin D compared to the control group. Additionally, there is a correlation between the severity of the disease and lower levels of these nutrients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.16494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T10:13:17Z","timestamp":1721902397000},"page":"4249-4254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Serum zinc, selenium, and vitamin D levels in patients with acne vulgaris: A case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Armaghan","family":"Kazeminejad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zohreh","family":"Hajheydari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Shokoufe","family":"Taghian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7234-270X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasim","family":"Gholizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13462"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12149"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","article-title":"Acne Vulgaris and Intake of Selected Dietary Nutrients\u2014A Summary of Information","volume":"9","author":"Podg\u00f3rska A","year":"2021","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.12270"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10020199"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.14252"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12576"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2020.126548"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.29799"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S271500"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31351\/vol20iss2pp44-49"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","first-page":"689","article-title":"Acne, rosacea, and perioral dermatitis","volume":"2","author":"Tutakne M","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1093868"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Role of serum zinc and copper levels in patients with acne vulgaris. Journal of orofacial","volume":"8","author":"Butool F","year":"2019","journal-title":"Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2018.25"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"Association of serum zinc levels with acne vulgaris: a case\u2010control study","volume":"3","author":"Usmani TM","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pak J Health Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/jbas.v45i1.54259"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Evaluation of serum zinc levels in acne patients: a case\u2010control study","volume":"9","author":"Chandra S","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Adv Med Dent Scie Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/oams.290912.or.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31661\/gmj.v8i0.1515"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.24494"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.334"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-012-1255-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.113959"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","first-page":"238","article-title":"Serum 25\u2010hydroxy vitamin D levels in patients with acne vulgaris and its association with disease severity","volume":"12","author":"Toossi P","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocd.16494","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T06:28:56Z","timestamp":1741760936000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jocd.16494"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jocd.16494"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocd.16494","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1473-2130","1473-2165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1473-2130","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2165","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}