{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T11:00:39Z","timestamp":1791457239619,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n While the gold standard treatment for melasma is triple combination cream (TCC), arbutin and kojic acid demonstrate their benefits and may be used as an alternative.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the efficacy of cream containing alpha\u2010arbutin 5% and kojic acid 2% (AAK) compared with TCC for melasma treatment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patients\/Methods<\/jats:title>\n A split\u2010faced, randomized study was conducted among 30 participants with melasma, and all were randomized to receive AAK or TCC on each side of their face for 12\u2010week along with 4\u2010week follow\u2010up period. The melanin index (MI), modified Melasma Area Severity Index (mMASI), and physician global assessment (PGA) scores were used to measure the effectiveness of interventions. Recurrence of melasma after treatment discontinuation was evaluated by MI and mMASI. Patient satisfactions and adverse effects were also evaluated. In the analysis, the mean difference (MD) was used for MI and mMASI, while Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank test was for the PGA scores, adverse effects, and patient satisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The MD of MI and mMASI scores were not different between groups (mMASI [\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.344] and MI [\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.268]). The PGA scores only showed improvement on the TCC\u2010treated side (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.032). Compared to the AKK group, the subjects with TCC showed higher severity of recurrence (MI [\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.004] and mMASI [\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.045]). No difference in patient satisfaction score between the groups, but erythema and stinging were higher in the TCC group.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The AAK cream appeared to be effective for melasma treatment, highlighting a lower recurrent rate and fewer adverse events than standard therapy.<\/jats:p>\n \n Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold>\n thaiclinicaltrials.org: TCTR20230124004\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.16562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T08:40:02Z","timestamp":1731919202000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Efficacy of Topical Cosmetic Containing Alpha\u2010Arbutin 5% and Kojic Acid 2% Compared With Triple Combination Cream for the Treatment of Melasma: A Split\u2010Face, Evaluator\u2010Blinded Randomized Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7247-9688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pimpa","family":"Tantanasrigul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health Institute of Dermatology Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apinya","family":"Sripha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health Institute of Dermatology Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bunchai","family":"Chongmelaxme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03295.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.12.046"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","article-title":"Interventions for Melasma","author":"Rajaratnam R.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","article-title":"Topical Hydroquinone for Hyperpigmentation: A Narrative Review","volume":"15","author":"Fabian I. M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-019-00488-w"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Topical Treatments for Melasma and Their Mechanism of Action","volume":"15","author":"Gonzalez\u2010Molina V.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7076"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Evaluation of the Whitening Properties of Combined Kojic Acid, Arbutin, Sepiwhite\u00ae and Achromaxyl\u00ae Vs. 2% and 4% Hydro\u2010Quinone in the Treatment of Melasma","volume":"3","author":"Costa A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surgical and Cosmetic Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15242"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.14095"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14662"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of a New Triple\u2010Combination Agent for the Treatment of Facial Melasma","volume":"72","author":"Taylor S. C.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"270","article-title":"Comparison of a Skin\u2010Lightening Cream Targeting Melanogenesis on Multiple Levels to Triple Combination Cream for Melasma","volume":"12","author":"Monheit G. D.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Drugs in Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.110842"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200607040-00003"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","first-page":"592","article-title":"A Large 12\u2010Month Extension Study of an 8\u2010Week Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Triple Combination (TC) Cream in Melasma Patients Previously Treated With TC Cream or One of Its Dyads","volume":"4","author":"Torok H.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Drugs in Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.169122"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2077.110089"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912084"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.idoj_490_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","first-page":"3502","article-title":"Alpha Arbutin as a Skin Lightening Agent: A Review","volume":"13","author":"Chandorkar N.","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocd.16562","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jocd.16562","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocd.16562","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T14:39:28Z","timestamp":1773758368000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jocd.16562"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jocd.16562"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocd.16562","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1473-2130","1473-2165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1473-2130","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2165","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e16562"}}