{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T06:01:19Z","timestamp":1784095279340,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726444800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The treatment of the medial infraorbital region also termed the tear trough has become increasingly popular by the use of soft tissue fillers in a minimally invasive approach using a cannula.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 246 tear troughs were injected and investigated originating from 123 study participants. The clinical outcome was evaluated 6\u2009months after the treatment by independent observers based on standardized frontal images and the procedure was documented by ultrasound imaging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      On average, 0.26 (0.1) cc [range: 0.08\u20130.32] of soft tissue filler material was injected per tear trough. Tear trough depth was before the treatment rated as 2.12 (0.4), whereas after the treatment it was 1.15 (0.4) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Hyperpigmentation score was 2.19 (0.4) before the treatment, whereas after the treatment it was 1.31 (0.5) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Intraorbital fat pseudo\u2010prolapse severity was rated before the treatment 1.88 (0.7), whereas it was rated after the treatment 1.14 (0.3) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Wrinkle severity of the lower eyelid was rated before the treatment 1.51 (0.6), whereas it was rated after the treatment 1.12 (0.3) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of this retrospectively investigated case series revealed that the conducted injection technique for treating the tear trough for medial infraorbital hollowing with a cannula provided statistically significant clinical improvement with a limited adverse events profile. The technique utilized an injection approach which was perpendicularly oriented to the longitudinal axis of the tear trough thereby \u201cbridging the gap instead of filling the entire valley.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.16582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T08:25:52Z","timestamp":1726475152000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bridging the Gap Rather Than Filling the Entire Valley\u2014Anatomic Insights When Treating the Medial Infraorbital Region"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Francesco P.","family":"Bernardini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oculoplastica Bernardini  Genoa Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent","family":"Skippen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice  Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raul","family":"Cetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Calomeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Bravo  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7210-6566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Cotofana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Erasmus Medical Centre  Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Centre for Cutaneous Research Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone Ugo","family":"Urso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phlebology Center  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3566-3499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferdinando","family":"Paternostro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Anatomy and Histology Section University of Firenze  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morris E.","family":"Hartstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"The Aesthetic Society \u201cAesthetic Plastic Surgery National Databank Statistics 2022 \u201d 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