{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T10:23:40Z","timestamp":1780568620910,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":4,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,27]],"date-time":"2024-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,27]],"date-time":"2024-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729987200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Melasma is a chronic, recurrent skin disorder with limited long\u2010term treatment success using conventional therapies like hydroquinone and laser treatments, which primarily target epidermal components while leaving dermal aspects untreated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the efficacy and safety of poly\u2010d,l lactic acid (PDLLA) subdermal injections for treating moderate melasma.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Three female patients (age range: 45\u201359\u2009years) with Fitzpatrick skin types III and IV received three PDLLA injection sessions at 3\u2010week intervals. Treatment outcomes were assessed using the Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) and patient satisfaction scores at 12\u2010week follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n All patients showed significant MASI score improvements (reduction range: 3.60\u20136.30 points). Patient satisfaction ratings ranged from 3 to 4 out of 4. Temporary side effects included mild edema and bruising, resolving within 72\u2009h.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n PDLLA subdermal injections showed promising results in melasma treatment, potentially due to its biostimulatory effects on collagen production and dermal remodeling. Further research, including histopathological analysis, is needed to confirm long\u2010term efficacy and safety, and understand underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.16650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,27]],"date-time":"2024-10-27T08:40:14Z","timestamp":1730018414000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Efficacy of Subdermal Poly\u2010\n d<\/scp>\n ,\n l<\/scp>\n \u2010Lactic Acid Injections for the Treatment of Melasma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jovian","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Inc. Wonju Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5572-1364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyu\u2010Ho","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 FOUR Project Yonsei University College of Dentistry Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Maylin Clinic (Apgujeong) Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20143063"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","article-title":"Melasma: A Condition of Asian Skin","volume":"13","author":"Wu M. X.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12573"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24097986"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocd.16650","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jocd.16650","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocd.16650","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T14:37:31Z","timestamp":1773758251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jocd.16650"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,27]]},"references-count":4,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jocd.16650"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocd.16650","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1473-2130","1473-2165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1473-2130","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2165","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e16650"}}