{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T21:51:33Z","timestamp":1791496293684,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The skin is the largest organ system with many important clinical functions. Due to the increase in demand for cosmetic procedures and consequently the increase in complications from filler injections, this research aims to review the hospitalization cases involving filler complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study retrospectively and cross\u2010sectionally reviews patient records hospitalized between the years 2016 to 2020, focusing on demographics (age, gender, residence), type of filler, type of complications, onset and duration of complications, duration of hospital stay, the person who administered the injection, and treatment outcomes. The goal is to understand the complications, prognosis, and potential risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 58 patients were hospitalized due to complications arising from filler injections between 2016 and 2020. The average age of patients was approximately 37.79\u2009years, ranging from 15 to 62\u2009years old. A majority, 94.8%, were female and 62.1% were married. The most common filler used was hyaluronic acid, accounting for 81% of cases. Complications included cellulitis in 41.4% of cases, abscesses in 29.3%, granulomatous inflammation in 19%, and necrosis in 10.3%. The shortest hospital stay was 1\u2009day and the longest was 9\u2009days, with an average stay of approximately 2.33\u2009days. In 65.5% of the cases, the injections were administered by medical professionals, and in 34.5%, by individuals without medical credentials. Married individuals generally sought hospital care later than others. Severe complications were more likely to occur when injections were administered by nonprofessionals. The time to seek medical attention was shorter for severe complications than for moderate ones. There were no deaths among the cases studied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study highlights the variation in complication severity associated with filler injections performed by nonmedical personnel, emphasizing the importance of prohibiting such practices. Educating patients about the early signs of complications can significantly reduce severe outcomes and decrease antibiotic resistance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.16733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T23:14:30Z","timestamp":1734390870000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Analysis of Hospitalization Cases for Filler Injection Complications: A Five\u2010Year Retrospective Study Among Iranian People"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ala","family":"Ehsani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Students, School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Setareh","family":"Falakian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amirhoushang","family":"Ehsani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahin","family":"Hamzelou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamran","family":"Balighi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Razavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeinab","family":"Aryanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Babol University of Medical Sciences  Babol Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1867-1609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azadeh","family":"Khayyat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PGY3 Resident Physician, Pathology Department of Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3531-2907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parvaneh","family":"Hatami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.01.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.38286"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100041\u20101736390"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266\u2010021\u201002650\u20104"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"323e","article-title":"Soft\u2010Tissue Fillers: The New Paradigm for Facial Rejuvenation","volume":"128","author":"Rohrich R. J.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"306","article-title":"Complications in Soft\u2010Tissue Fillers: A 5\u2010Year Retrospective Review","volume":"16","author":"Kim J. E.","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Facial Plast Surgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"120S","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy of Hyaluronic Acid Fillers in Soft Tissue Augmentation: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Trials","volume":"136","author":"Sundaram H.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Hyaluronic Acid and Calcium Hydroxylapatite Fillers: A Review of Adverse Events and Complications","volume":"42","author":"Signorini M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dermatologic Surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"593","article-title":"Management of Filler Complications","volume":"43","author":"Cassuto D.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinics in Plastic Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S80446"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"295","article-title":"Dermal Fillers in Aesthetics: An Overview of Adverse Events and Prevention","volume":"6","author":"Funt D.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"482","article-title":"Treatment of Hyaluronic Acid Filler\u2010Induced Impending Necrosis With Hyaluronidase: Consensus Recommendations","volume":"33","author":"Cohen J. L.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aesthetic Surgery Journal"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"2306","article-title":"Use of Hyaluronidase for Complications From Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Fillers","volume":"73","author":"King M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"S27","article-title":"Soft\u2010Tissue Fillers and Aging Skin: Effective Anti\u2010Aging Interventions","volume":"42","author":"Monheit G. D.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dermatologic Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"BeautiPHIcation: A Global Approach to Facial Beauty","volume":"10","author":"Swift A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Vascular Compromise From Soft Tissue Augmentation: Experience With 12 Cases and Recommendations for Optimal Outcomes","volume":"8","author":"Beleznay K.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"1193","article-title":"Vascular Side Effects After Aesthetic Injections With Hyaluronic Acid Fillers: A Review of Causes, Implications, and Prevention","volume":"40","author":"Pavicic T.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatologic Surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"197","article-title":"Adverse Events in Injectable Facial Fillers: A Study of 1593 Cases","volume":"11","author":"Micheels P.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"390","article-title":"Best Practices in Patient Selection and Technique for Safe and Effective Filler Use","volume":"16","author":"Tr\u00e9vidic P.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocd.16733","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jocd.16733","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocd.16733","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T21:44:21Z","timestamp":1791495861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jocd.16733"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jocd.16733"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocd.16733","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1473-2130","1473-2165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1473-2130","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2165","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e16733"}}