{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T21:51:36Z","timestamp":1791496296469,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]],"date-time":"2024-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]],"date-time":"2024-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734825600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004320","name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22633"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22633"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Melasma, also known as chloasma, is a common skin disorder characterized by acquired hyperpigmentation. Many patients with this condition prefer using herbal remedies instead of chemical agents. This study aims to review clinical trials conducted on the effectiveness of herbal remedies in treating melasma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this scoping review, we searched the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, SID, and Magiran databases until August 2024. We designed the search strategy using MeSH database keywords \u201cmelanosis,\u201d \u201cherbal medicine,\u201d \u201cplant extracts,\u201d \u201ccomplementary therapies,\u201d \u201ctraditional medicine,\u201d \u201cPersian medicine,\u201d \u201cclinical trials,\u201d and their Entry Terms. We then reviewed and summarized the relevant articles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We found a total of 21 clinical trials examining the effectiveness of herbal remedies in treating melasma. The literature review revealed that licorice, rhubarb, a mixture of melon seed and chickpea, sorrel,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Aloe vera<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      leaf gel, parsley, tomato, fern, olive, pine bark, and Indian gooseberry had positive effects in treating melasma. Licorice is the most extensively studied herbal remedy for melasma treatment. Some patients who used licorice, rhubarb, and parsley experienced redness and skin allergies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of herbal remedies in treating melasma. Further research, including clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta\u2010analyses, is necessary to assess the efficacy of herbal remedies and natural products, as well as their potential adverse effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.16741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T00:46:19Z","timestamp":1734914779000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Clinical Trials Conducted on Herbal Remedies for the Treatment of Melasma: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1856-945X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Mahdi","family":"Parvizi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Dermatology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"},{"name":"Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"},{"name":"Vice Chancellor of Academic Affairs Smart University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Hekmat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Molecular Dermatology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahid","family":"Yousefi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rojan","family":"Javaheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7591-5610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arman","family":"Mehrzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasrin","family":"Saki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Molecular Dermatology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/jssc.120283"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-017-0194-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u201081\u2010322\u20103664\u20101_5"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Melasma in Men: A Review of Clinical, Etiological, and Management Issues","volume":"11","author":"Sarkar R.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.142484"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962009000600008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.84722"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"124","article-title":"Melasma: Insights and Perspectives","volume":"18","author":"Jadotte Y. 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