{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T13:56:46Z","timestamp":1788184606091,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Solar lentigines, resulting from chronic UV exposure, are early signs of photoaging and can significantly affect individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This systematic review evaluates the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of treatments for solar lentigines in light of a lack of conclusive evidence regarding optimal therapy options.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic search of PubMed\/Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link> was conducted to identify relevant clinical trials published up to December 7, 2023. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies with patients diagnosed with solar lentigines, employing clinical trial methodologies and reporting clinical outcomes. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane tool.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010one clinical trials involving 3234 patients aged 24\u201392\u2009years were included. The most common effective topical treatment was a combination of mequinol 2% and tretinoin 0.01%, achieving efficacy rates between 52.6% and over 80%, particularly for facial lesions. Laser therapies demonstrated promising results: pulsed dye laser (27%\u201357% success), intense pulsed light (74.6%\u201390%), Q\u2010Switched laser (36.36%\u201376.6%), picosecond laser (67.9%\u201393.02%), and fractional CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> laser (8%\u201323%). Cryotherapy yielded success in 37%\u201371.4%, while chemical peels with trichloroacetic acid achieved 12%\u201346%. Most adverse events were mild and transient, with local irritation from topical agents and mild pain from therapies being common. Pulsed dye and intense pulsed light lasers were less associated with post\u2010inflammatory hyperpigmentation, whereas cryotherapy was linked to more severe side effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Laser therapy appears more effective than other modalities, with an acceptable safety profile. Combining lasers with specific topical agents may further improve outcomes and reduce PIH. However, additional large\u2010scale randomized trials are required to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.70133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T23:30:37Z","timestamp":1743291037000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Treatment of Solar Lentigines: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ghazal","family":"Mardani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Shohada\u2010e Tajrish Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Skin Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Javad","family":"Nasiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nastaran","family":"Namazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Shohada\u2010e Tajrish Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Skin Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Farshchian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9463-0665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fahimeh","family":"Abdollahimajd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Shohada\u2010e Tajrish Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Skin Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Clinical Research Development Unit, Shohada\u2010e Tajrish Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.136.7.841"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0151-9638(12)70127-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2004.00131.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12690"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1990.tb16121.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15513810009168808"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12502"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13671-020-00288-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12083"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-27333-6_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15497"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.12.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.77552"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"193","article-title":"A Retrospective Analysis of Er: YAG Laser Treatment in Solar Lentigines: Our Clinical Observations","volume":"54","author":"Karabay E. 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