{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T10:06:33Z","timestamp":1781085993952,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cosmetic botulinum toxin type A (BTX\u2010A) injections have been widely used for improving facial aesthetics. Although the procedure is generally safe, immune\u2010mediated adverse events, such as hypersensitivity reactions and secondary treatment failures, may rarely occur. We report the first case in which repeated BTX\u2010A injections resulted in both a delayed\u2010onset cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction and complete secondary treatment failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case Report\/Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 42\u2010year\u2010old female, with a history of successful BTX\u2010A treatments for glabellar lines and masseter hypertrophy, experienced diminished efficacy following a treatment session. Ten hours after a touch\u2010up injection, she developed facial swelling and edematous erythema localized to the injection sites. These manifestations persisted for over one month without any observable aesthetic improvement, indicating complete secondary treatment failure. The therapeutic effect was not restored even after switching to an alternative BTX\u2010A formulation. We hypothesize that the patient's local hypersensitivity reaction represents a type III immune complex\u2010mediated response (Arthus reaction) driven by IgG antibodies. The repeated BTX\u2010A injections may have induced neutralizing IgG antibodies that, in concert with the cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction, contributed synergistically to both the cutaneous reaction and the complete treatment failure. The short interval between the injections may have facilitated these immunologic events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This case underscores the importance for clinicians to remain vigilant regarding the potential for delayed\u2010onset cutaneous allergic reactions and complete secondary treatment failure following repeated BTX\u2010A injections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.70145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T03:17:31Z","timestamp":1743650251000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Rare Case of Delayed\u2010Onset Hypersensitivity Reaction and Complete Secondary Treatment Failure Following Repeated Cosmetic Botulinum Toxin Type A Injections"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Bian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, 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