{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T03:35:56Z","timestamp":1789097756456,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022JJ30880"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ30880"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82073420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82073420"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82073421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82073421"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82103704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82103704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The existence of a definite direct causal relationship between vitiligo and diverse autoimmune disorders remains unknown due to the influence of confounding factors and potential reverse causality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mendelian randomization (MR) is a technique employed to explore causal connections between two phenotypes. In our research, bidirectional two\u2010sample MR analyses were utilized to evaluate the causal connections between vitiligo and multiple autoimmune diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, Graves' disease, inflammatory bowel disease, alopecia areata [AA], type 1 diabetes mellitus [T1MD], and rheumatoid arthritis [RA]). Furthermore, we utilized summary\u2010based Mendelian randomization (SMR) analysis to search for common susceptibility loci between two diseases that reciprocally elevate each other's risk. Finally, colocalization analyses were used to validate the robustness of the selected genes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was an indication of potential causation between RA and vitiligo (IVW OR\u2009=\u20091.19; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.05\u20131.13; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008). Furthermore, evident causal connections exist between vitiligo and AA (IVW OR\u2009=\u20091.14; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.04\u20131.26; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008), T1MD (IVW OR\u2009=\u20091.14; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.06\u20131.23; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and RA (IVW OR\u2009=\u20091.08; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.03\u20131.13; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In SMR analyses and colocalization analyses, we identified three shared genes associated with both vitiligo and RA, including: FCRL3, FADS1, and FADS2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings demonstrated that vitiligo and RA mutually act as risk factors for each other. Additionally, vitiligo had significant causal relationships with AA and type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.70211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T03:38:58Z","timestamp":1749094738000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association of Vitiligo With Autoimmune Disorders: A Bidirectional Two\u2010Sample and Summary\u2010Based Mendelian Randomization Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jiangfeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yibo","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuhan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqing","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6747-1486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qinghai","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(14)60763\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102932"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-022-00752-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.08.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1346"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv071"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3538"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004383"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyac149"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3680"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3434"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00954-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3359"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db19-0831"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01213-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05473-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz1776"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00913-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2756"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2016.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15393"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz469"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt179"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21965"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21758"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-017-0255-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0099-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.34408"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03371-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01348-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-008-0900-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000354607"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2022.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.14717"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0515"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13030422"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-023-00805-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/AITC201901010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102645"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24086930"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-100919-023531"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-042617-053214"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102950"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102868"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.613031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41021-021-00213-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40393"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102452"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.099"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-018-0545-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-022-02922-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2018.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000375"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/AITC202203150"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0254-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-014-8440-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2016010098"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocd.70211","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T08:56:33Z","timestamp":1750668993000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jocd.70211"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jocd.70211"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocd.70211","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1473-2130","1473-2165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1473-2130","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2165","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70211"}}