{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T09:32:55Z","timestamp":1777973575784,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways play important roles in the pathogenesis of port\u2010wine stains (PWS). However, reports on circulating levels of VEGF, mTOR, and MAPK in PWS patients are rare.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the circulating levels of VEGF, mTOR, and MAPK in PWS patients compared to healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty patients with PWS (15 with hypertrophic PWS and 15 with flat PWS) and 15 healthy controls were included. Human VEGF, mTOR, and MAPK enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to test plasma samples, and concentration values were calculated. Differences in the concentrations of VEGF, mTOR, or MAPK between the two groups were analyzed using <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests or analysis of variance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The circulating levels of VEGF, mTOR, and MAPK in the PWS group were significantly higher than in the healthy control group, with concentration values of 1159.76\u2009\u00b1\u2009162.83\u2009pg\/mL vs. 762.18\u2009\u00b1\u2009199.88\u2009pg\/mL, 219.26\u2009\u00b1\u200954.25\u2009ng\/L vs. 108.93\u2009\u00b1\u200952.47\u2009ng\/L, 11.41\u2009\u00b1\u20092.53\u2009ng\/L vs. 6.35\u2009\u00b1\u20092.42\u2009ng\/L (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001; respectively). VEGF circulating levels in the hypertrophic PWS group were significantly higher than in the flat PWS group (1217.97\u2009\u00b1\u2009141.17\u2009pg\/mL vs. 1101.55\u2009\u00b1\u2009166.52\u2009pg\/mL, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04). However, the circulating levels of mTOR or MAPK between the hypertrophic PWS and flat PWS groups were no significant differences (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.87, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.42; respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The circulating levels of VEGF, mTOR, and MAPK were significantly higher in PWS patients than healthy controls, with VEGF levels being higher in hypertrophic PWS than in flat PWS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.70232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T11:39:31Z","timestamp":1748518771000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Circulating Levels of <scp>VEGF<\/scp>, <scp>mTOR<\/scp> and <scp>MAPK<\/scp> in Patients With Port\u2010Wine Stains"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3429-9584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanbo","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University  Wuxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panyu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Wuxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Wuxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingye","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Wuxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital Jiangnan University Medical Center  Wuxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2172-4406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Wuxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1983.tb01093.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.11.938"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1213507"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2014.1244"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534\u2010199103000\u201000003"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"892","article-title":"Confocal Microscopy Study of Nerves and Blood Vessels in Untreated and Treated Port Wine Stains: Preliminary Observations","volume":"30","author":"Selim M. 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