{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T05:06:29Z","timestamp":1773723989092,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Melasma is a chronic hyperpigmentation disorder influenced by hormonal factors, ultraviolet exposure, and inflammation. While oral tranexamic acid (\n TXA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) is an established treatment, its effects on systemic inflammation remain unclear.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims<\/jats:title>\n \n This study aimed to evaluate the impact of\n TXA<\/jats:styled-content>\n on melasma severity and inflammatory markers.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This retrospective study included 80 melasma patients and 80 healthy controls. Patients received oral\n TXA<\/jats:styled-content>\n (500\u2009mg\/day) for 3\u2009months. Melasma severity was assessed using the Melasma Area and Severity Index (\n MASI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), and inflammatory markers (monocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte,\n HDL<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n MHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n MLR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n NLR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) were measured at baseline, Month 1, and Month 3. Changes within the melasma group and comparisons with controls were analyzed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n At 3\u2009months, melasma severity significantly improved, with a 65.1% reduction in\n MASI<\/jats:styled-content>\n (from 12.9 to 4.5,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). Monocyte, neutrophil,\n MHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n MLR<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and\n NLR<\/jats:styled-content>\n levels significantly decreased, while\n HDL<\/jats:styled-content>\n and lymphocyte levels increased (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). Compared to controls, baseline inflammatory marker levels differed significantly; however, at month 3, only monocyte,\n MHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and\n HDL<\/jats:styled-content>\n remained significantly different (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). Regression analysis identified\n NLR<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n HDL<\/jats:styled-content>\n as significant predictors of melasma severity reduction (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.045 and\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.011, respectively).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Oral\n TXA<\/jats:styled-content>\n not only improved melasma severity but also modulated systemic inflammation. The association between\n NLR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n HDL<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and treatment response suggests their potential as biomarkers for monitoring therapeutic efficacy.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.70257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T07:38:54Z","timestamp":1747726734000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Dual Benefits of Oral Tranexamic Acid: Reducing Melasma Severity and Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Demirbas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine Department of Dermatology Kocaeli Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gozde","family":"Ulutas Demirbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kocaeli City Hospital Department of Dermatology Kocaeli Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esin","family":"Diremsizoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine Department of Dermatology Kocaeli Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4736-9142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"Esen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dicle University Faculty of Medicine Department of Dermatology Diyarbak\u0131r Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-022-00779-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15242"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5070\/D32510045810"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-017-0194-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S396272"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22083970"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-020-02129-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15569527.2023.2268166"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-024-02972-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.14013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdin.2024.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-022-00780-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12830"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.13430"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12474"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15589"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.13482"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S472922"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2024.2361106"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocd.70257","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jocd.70257","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocd.70257","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T03:28:55Z","timestamp":1773718135000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jocd.70257"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jocd.70257"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocd.70257","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1473-2130","1473-2165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1473-2130","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2165","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70257"}}