{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:02:12Z","timestamp":1791234132111,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Wound healing is a complex process encompassing four main stages: hemostasis, inflammation, cell proliferation, maturation, and differentiation. Timolol (TM) may influence these stages, particularly re\u2010epithelialization. This study aims to evaluate the 1\u2010month effects of timolol on acute surgical wounds in post\u2010mammoplasty patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the efficacy of topical timolol in improving postoperative breast scars, aiming to guide future treatment protocols and prescriptions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 12 patients who underwent bilateral mammoplasty were enrolled in this double\u2010blind randomized clinical trial. Treatment commenced 48\u2009h post\u2010surgery; one breast was treated with 0.5% timolol eye drops, while the contralateral breast received distilled water (control). Patients were advised to minimize sun exposure and pressure on the treated area, and no additional oral or topical medications were prescribed. Cleansing with a prescribed cleanser occurred every 3\u2009days. Cosmetic assessments were conducted by a specialist at 10 and 30\u2009days post\u2010surgery using a 10\u2010point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using two\u2010way repeated measures ANOVA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Timolol significantly reduced erythema over time (Interaction, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001; Treatment, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02), with an average decrease of 5.38 points (95% CI: 4.22\u20136.55) compared to 4.41 points (95% CI: 3.83\u20135) for placebo. The difference in reduction was 0.972 points (95% CI: 0.18\u20131.7). A significant improvement in the aesthetic appearance of the breast was also noted (Interaction, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001; Treatment, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.015), with timolol enhancing the aesthetic score by approximately 5.5 points (95% CI: 4.9\u20136.2) versus 4.58 points (95% CI: 3.4\u20135.7) for the placebo. Overall, timolol improved the aesthetic score by 0.972 points (95% CI: 0.23\u20131.7) more than the placebo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Topical application of 0.5% timolol significantly improved the aesthetic appearance and reduced erythema of post\u2010mammoplasty breast scars over a 1\u2010month period. The results demonstrate a measurable clinical benefit, with statistically significant differences favoring timolol over placebo. These findings suggest that early intervention with topical timolol may offer a safe, effective, and non\u2010invasive option for optimizing scar outcomes in surgical patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.70261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T09:05:27Z","timestamp":1748423127000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of Topical Timolol on Healing of Immature Breast Scars After Mammoplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial With Blinded Assessors and Patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7454-9985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nahid","family":"Nafissi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Research Development School of Medicine, IUMS  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Breast Health &amp; Cancer Research Center IUMS  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Najafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5878-9778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alireza","family":"Jafarzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6545-3460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elham","family":"Behrangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Skin and Stem Cell Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2862-6422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masoumeh","family":"Roohaninasab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Skin and Stem Cell Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1021-6257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyyedeh Tahereh","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0153-8100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sepideh","family":"Salehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5991-2712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Jafari\u2010Nasirmahalleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazanin","family":"Hoseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran 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