{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T01:20:34Z","timestamp":1787793634009,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82073472"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82073472"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy and underlying mechanism of advanced optimal pulse technology intense pulsed light (AOPT) in low\u2010energy triple\u2010pulse long\u2010width mode (AOPT\u2010LTL) for melasma treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An in\u00a0vivo guinea pig model of melasma was established through progesterone injection and ultraviolet B radiation. Three sessions of AOPT\u2010LTL treatment were performed weekly. The mRNA levels of key melanogenic enzymes, inflammatory factors, pro\u2010angiogenic cytokines, and collagenolytic proteases were detected by qRT\u2010PCR. Protein levels of stem cell factor (SCF) and mast cell growth factor receptor (c\u2010KIT) were detected by immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting. Twenty melasma patients were treated with three sessions of AOPT\u2010LTL treatment monthly, evaluated by the Modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (mMASI) and Erythema Index (EI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In guinea pigs with melasma, AOPT\u2010LTL treatment effectively mitigated pigmentation and suppressed the expression of key genes involved in melanin production. There was a reduction in mast cell infiltration, decreased expression of inflammatory factors and pro\u2010angiogenic factors, inhibition of angiogenesis, and alleviation of skin photoaging. Furthermore, AOPT\u2010LTL also diminished the expression level of the SCF\/c\u2010KIT ligand\/receptor pathway, which is closely associated with mast cell proliferation and activation. Consistently, three sessions of AOPT\u2010LTL treatment effectively reduced skin melanin content, erythema severity, as well as the mMASI and EI scores in melasma patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AOPT\u2010LTL treatment significantly enhances the improvement of melasma by diminishing melanogenesis, inflammation, angiogenesis, mast cell infiltration, and collagen degeneration, potentially through the inhibition of the SCF\/c\u2010KIT ligand\/receptor pathway.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.70443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T09:19:19Z","timestamp":1757323159000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Efficacy of Intense Pulsed Light\n                    <scp>AOPT<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>LTL<\/scp>\n                    Technique in the Treatment of Melasma: An In\u00a0Vivo and Clinical Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University  Nantong China"},{"name":"Medical School of Nantong University  Nantong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinlan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University  Nantong China"},{"name":"Medical School of Nantong University  Nantong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University  Nantong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhinan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University  Nantong China"},{"name":"Medical School of Nantong University  Nantong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University  Nantong China"},{"name":"Medical School of Nantong University  Nantong 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