{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T22:43:37Z","timestamp":1787697817332,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT\u2010A) formulations are extensively employed in aesthetic and therapeutic dermatology. However, their immunomodulatory and pro\u2010inflammatory properties remain incompletely characterized, particularly concerning dermal fibroblasts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of three commercially available BoNT\u2010A formulations\u2014Bocouture, Vistabex, and Azzalure\u2014on the expression of interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106), a key pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine, in cultured adult human dermal fibroblasts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients\/Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human dermal fibroblasts were cultured in\u00a0vitro and treated with increasing concentrations of Bocouture, Vistabex, and Azzalure. IL\u20106 expression was measured at 24, 48, and 72\u2009h posttreatment using an enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay to exclude cytotoxic effects. Each condition was tested in triplicate. Data were analyzed using one\u2010way ANOVA with Bonferroni's multiple comparisons posttest.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Vistabex significantly increased IL\u20106 expression at multiple time points, with the most marked elevation observed at 0.5\u2009U\/mL after 24\u2009h (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.0001). Conversely, Bocouture and Azzalure did not induce significant changes in IL\u20106 levels across all tested concentrations and time intervals. No formulation reduced fibroblast viability below 80%, confirming the absence of relevant cytotoxicity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest a formulation\u2010specific inflammatory response to BoNT\u2010A in dermal fibroblasts, with Vistabex eliciting a notable upregulation of IL\u20106. The observed differences may be attributed to distinct structural or excipient\u2010related properties and warrant further investigation to clarify their clinical implications, especially in patients with a predisposition to inflammatory skin responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.70646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T06:06:48Z","timestamp":1767420408000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pro\u2010Inflammatory Signaling in Dermal Fibroblasts: A Possible Role of Different Botulinum Toxin Formulations on\n                    <scp>IL<\/scp>\n                    \u20106 Expression"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Sommatis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UB\u2010CARE S.R.L.\u2010Spin\u2010Off University of Pavia  Pavia 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Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4374-802X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Bettolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Carugno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Insubria  Varese Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Paolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit Universit\u00e0 Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Dermatology Clinic IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute  Milan 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