{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:37:49Z","timestamp":1786117069621,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\/Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pigmentary problems are common and can arise from sun exposure, skin inflammation, changes in hormones, and certain medications. Because they are visible, these pigmentary problems can be very distressing for individuals, and they are often challenging to manage. Three studies were conducted, ex\u00a0vivo, in\u00a0vitro, and in\u00a0vivo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects\/Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An in\u00a0vitro study of brightening\/lightening in skin models; an ex\u00a0vivo skin study using Raman spectroscopy; and a 12\u2010week clinical study of a novel complexion brightening serum with Tiered\u2010Release Vesicle (CBS\u2010TRV) delivery technology in adults with moderate to severe photodamage and uneven skin tone. Assessments included clinical grading, melanin and erythema measurements by Mexameter, digital imaging, and a patient self\u2010assessment questionnaire. Standard safety and tolerability assessments were also performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The in\u00a0vitro 3D skin study showed that a 2\u2009\u03bcL\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      application of CBS\u2010TRV (the recommended and clinical application volume) slowed melanin production by 37.5% compared to untreated tissues after 2\u2009weeks. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy provided evidence for tranexamic acid penetration into the epidermis of ex\u00a0vivo human skin. Clinical grading revealed significant improvements at the majority of visits, which were accompanied by improvements of erythema index and melanin index on mexameter. In addition, subjects provided positive feedback regarding the clinical results as well as the formulation's aesthetics. Finally, the CBS\u2010TRV product was safe and well tolerated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The multiple active ingredients in CBS\u2010TRV target melanogenesis in a variety of ways, and both in\u00a0vitro and clinical studies demonstrated significant improvements in skin tone and pigmentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.70686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T07:00:12Z","timestamp":1770361212000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Vitro, Ex\u00a0Vivo and Clinical Trial of Brightening Serum Using a Novel Delivery System on Subjects With Moderate to Severe Dyschromia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2937-3129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashish C.","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arisa","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology UC San Diego Health  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swati","family":"Kannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology UC San Diego Health  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Moradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moradi MD\/Private Practice  Vista California USA"},{"name":"Pacific Clinical Innovations\/Clinical Research Site  Vista California 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