{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T09:48:28Z","timestamp":1782294508043,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitiligo is an autoimmune condition marked by depigmentation of the skin and is frequently associated with psychosocial distress. Although often dismissed as cosmetic, vitiligo carries a substantial burden influenced by cultural beliefs, stigma, and access to medical education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review aims to examine the literature on cross\u2010cultural beliefs, stigmatization, psychological comorbidities, and quality of life (QoL) outcomes in individuals with vitiligo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO was conducted to identify peer\u2010reviewed studies discussing cultural beliefs, stigma, psychological burden, or QoL in individuals with vitiligo. Inclusion criteria encompassed original studies in English assessing relevant psychosocial or cultural domains.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty\u2010three studies met inclusion criteria. Cultural attributions of vitiligo varied widely, with some populations linking the disease to contagion, divine punishment, or supernatural causes. These beliefs were more prevalent in regions with lower health literacy and limited access to dermatologic care. Stigmatization\u2014manifesting as social exclusion, employment and marital discrimination, and internalized shame\u2014was consistently reported across settings, though more severe in female patients and individuals with darker skin phototypes in certain regions. QoL impairment was greater in African, Middle Eastern, and South Asian populations compared to Western cohorts. Coping strategies included concealment, spiritual reliance, and use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitiligo imposes a global psychosocial burden that is amplified by cultural misconceptions and stigma. Culturally tailored, multidisciplinary interventions\u2014including education, psychological support, and community\u2010based stigma reduction\u2014are crucial to improving outcomes. Future research should focus on high\u2010stigma, underrepresented populations to inform equitable care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.70725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T10:06:17Z","timestamp":1774346777000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cross\u2010Cultural Beliefs and Stigmatization in Vitiligo: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Sophia","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0230-4951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarek","family":"Zieneldien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5756-6609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabella J.","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey  Piscataway New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Jafferany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Central Michigan University College of Medicine  Mount Pleasant Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18257"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257\u2010021\u201000631\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20104632.2011.05377.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.07.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15933"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14739"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241445"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1354850021000015249"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20104632.2010.04514.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806\u20104841.20165060"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15211"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403\u2010024\u201002872\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0378\u20106323.79699"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2137152"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468\u20103083.2002.00590.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019\u20105154.152508"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2022.591"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.17308"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdin.2024.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0378\u20106323.116737"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10912\u2010019\u201009600\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13591053241261684"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102133.2010.09828.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20104632.2011.04932.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12816\/0006069"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0250\u2010474x.151573"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","first-page":"419","article-title":"Readability and Content Characterization of Online Reading Materials for Individuals With Vitiligo","volume":"24","author":"Mora Hurtado A. 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