{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T09:48:13Z","timestamp":1782294493282,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n The skin microbiota supports skin health by defending against pathogens and regulating immunity, while its imbalance can lead to disorders. With rising interest in natural ingredients, postbiotics (bioactive metabolites from probiotic fermentation) are emerging as natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims<\/jats:title>\n \n This study evaluates the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of cell\u2010free supernatants (CFS) from four lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (\n Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>\n [\n LGG<\/jats:italic>\n ],\n Limosilactobacillus reuteri<\/jats:italic>\n [\n LR<\/jats:italic>\n ],\n Limosilactobacillus fermentum<\/jats:italic>\n [\n LF<\/jats:italic>\n ], and\n Weizmannia coagulans<\/jats:italic>\n [\n WCO<\/jats:italic>\n ]) and encapsulates the two most potent samples (one with the highest antibacterial and the other with the strongest antioxidant activity) into hyaluronic acid\u2013based nanoparticles (hyalurosome) for enhanced topical delivery.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Growth curve analysis, supernatant preparation, antibacterial assays (determination of minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC], minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC], and inhibition zone), antioxidant assay (measuring the scavenging activities of 2,2\u2010diphenyl\u20101\u2010picrylhydrazyl [DPPH assay]), nanoparticle synthesis and characterization, and cytotoxicity testing were performed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n LGG<\/jats:italic>\n demonstrated potent, broad\u2010spectrum antibacterial activity, showing the highest efficacy against\n \n Micrococcus luteus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n \n M.\u2009luteus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ) (30\u2009mm inhibition zone, MIC\/MBC of 5\/7.5% v\/v). In contrast,\n WCO<\/jats:italic>\n exhibited superior antioxidant capacity, with an IC\u2085\u2080 of 17.48\u2009\u03bcg\/mL in the DPPH assay, outperforming ascorbic acid (IC\u2085\u2080\u2009=\u200932.50\u2009\u03bcg\/mL). The optimized hyalurosomes were spherical, monodisperse (80\u2013200\u2009nm, PDI\u2009<\u20090.7), and retained the bioactivity of the postbiotics.\n LGG<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010hyalurosomes achieved complete eradication of\n \n M.\u2009luteus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n \n Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n \n S.\u2009aureus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ) within 48\u2009h, demonstrating sustained release, while\n WCO<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010hyalurosomes maintained strong antioxidant activity (IC\u2085\u2080\u2009=\u200937.63\u2009\u03bcg\/mL). Crucially, encapsulation significantly reduced cytotoxicity, increasing human dermal fibroblast viability from 60% (free CFS) to over 90% at a 6.25% (v\/v) concentration.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n These results position LAB\u2010derived postbiotics delivered via hyalurosomes as a potent and safe dual\u2010function strategy, addressing both microbial dysbiosis and oxidative stress in advanced skincare.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.70777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T08:04:11Z","timestamp":1776499451000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Postbiotic_Loaded Hyalurosome: Investigating Their Potential as Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Agents"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9295-2081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyede Fateme","family":"Morakabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4394-7718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahvash Khodabandeh","family":"Shahraky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8273-0813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gholamreza","family":"Ahmadian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3449-666X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roghayeh Mokhtari","family":"Asl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16378"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113071"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.25.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.70019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11020121"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.20332"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e35980"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-022-12116-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00440-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","article-title":"Investigating the Properties and Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxicity Activity of Postbiotics Derived From Lacticaseibacillus casei on Various Gastrointestinal Pathogens in Vitro and in Food Models","volume":"19","author":"Asadi Z.","year":"2024","journal-title":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14051072"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-01992-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18081093"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91864-0.00011-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.001102"},{"issue":"83","key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","first-page":"399","article-title":"Partial Purification and Characterization of Produced Bacteriocins by Two East\u2010Azarbayjan Native Isolates of Lactobacillus plantarum","volume":"15","author":"Khaledzade S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiological Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","first-page":"343","article-title":"Free Radical Scavenging Capacity and Antioxidant Activity of Methanolic and Ethanolic Extracts of Plum (\n Prunus domestica\n L.) in Both Fresh and Dried Samples","volume":"4","author":"Morabbi Najafabad A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06913-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2025.125667"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e32717"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2024.105635"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26051249"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mba2.70023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08982104.2018.1517160"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52711\/0975\u20104377.2022.00033"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocd.70777","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jocd.70777","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocd.70777","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T09:21:45Z","timestamp":1782292905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jocd.70777"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jocd.70777"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocd.70777","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1473-2130","1473-2165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1473-2130","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2165","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70777"}}