{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T16:35:25Z","timestamp":1773678925977,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"21-22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,29]],"date-time":"2013-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims and objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate prevalence, risk factors for urinary incontinence and its impact on lives of Emirati women with diabetes mellitus type 2 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>2). Risk factors examined were age, parity, history of urinary tract infections, body mass index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>2 duration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Incontinence is a known complication of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>2 with impact on women's lives. Less is known about incontinence problem among Emirati women with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional survey design using probability sampling approach was employed to assess urinary incontinence in Emirati women with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 300 women with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>2, aged 20\u201365\u00a0years, were recruited from six healthcare centres. Data were collected over an 18\u2010month period. A standardised incontinence questionnaire was used to assess type and frequency of incontinence within the past 12\u00a0months. Presence of weekly incontinence was the main outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 300 women, 188 (63%) reported any incontinence, of which 48% had at least weekly episode. Both stress (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0154, 51\u00b73%) and urge (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0181, 60\u00b73%) were reported by participants, with 48 (31\u00b71%) reporting at least weekly stress and 85 (46\u00b79%) expressing at least weekly urge incontinence. Diabetes duration was a significant risk factor for any, stress and urge incontinence followed by age for only any and stress incontinence. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> was a risk factor for urge incontinence. Women perceived incontinence as bothersome, disturbing their social activities and daily prayers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of incontinence in Emirati women with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>2 is higher than that reported by women in other cultures. Risk factors identified were <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>2 duration, age and obesity. Emirati women found incontinence to be a bothersome problem influencing their daily lives and prayers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Relevance to clinical practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nurses in general practice should be alert to the incontinence problem by considering it as part of the routine diabetes evaluation of women, especially of those with longer duration of diabetes, obese and older. Cultural knowledge, sensitivity and individualised treatment plans need to be adopted by nurses working in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UAE<\/jats:styled-content> to encourage the reporting of incontinence by Emirati Muslim women with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,29]],"date-time":"2013-03-29T06:12:59Z","timestamp":1364537579000},"page":"3084-3094","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Urinary incontinence in Emirati women with diabetes mellitus type 2: prevalence, risk factors and impact on life"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Wegdan","family":"Bani\u2010issa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing University of Sharjah, College of Health Sciences Sharjah UAE"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randa","family":"Fakhry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing University of Sharjah, College of Health Sciences Sharjah UAE"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fida","family":"Al Momani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allied Health, Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbed Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2012","journal-title":"Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes\u20142012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365590310022608"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"AnserA(2009)Divorce in Gulf Societies. 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