{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T23:50:07Z","timestamp":1788997807111,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11-12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,13]],"date-time":"2013-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1379030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims and objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the incidence of pregnancy\u2010related physical symptoms in healthy pregnant women and their management strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In normal progression of pregnancy, many symptoms were experienced. Pregnancy\u2010related physical symptoms may have a negative effect on pregnant women's quality of life. However, pregnant women avoid taking medications from the fear that the medication they use may have a harmful effect on the foetus. Therefore, they practise nonpharmacological methods to help them manage their pregnancy\u2010related physical symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study used a comparative and descriptive design.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study population comprised of pregnant women who were visiting for routine check\u2010up and\/or examination in the obstetrics gynaecology outpatient clinics of three hospitals in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>rzurum, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>urkey. The data were collected via a questionnaire including socio\u2010demographic items and questions to identify the pregnancy\u2010related physical symptoms that they experienced and their management strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The top three most reported complaints were nausea\u2013vomiting (87\u00b78%), fatigue (77\u00b79%) and breast pain\u2013tenderness (76\u00b72%) during the first trimester, whereas polyuria (79\u00b79%, 88\u00b74%), fatigue (75\u00b76%, 88\u00b74%) and heart burn (71\u00b73%, 81\u00b78%) during the second and third trimesters. Depending on the symptoms, the pregnant women either did nothing or took correct, incorrect or empirical actions to manage their problems. Data revealed that the major source of knowledge was based on their previous experience and that of close relatives. As their education level increased, the percentage of women taking scientifically proven action to correct the problem increased.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Various physical symptoms were experienced by women in each trimester of pregnancy. The majority of the women did not do anything to alleviate their physical symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Relevance to clinical practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>Midwives and nurses should question the strategies used by pregnant women. In this way, the inappropriate and incorrect practices can be determined, and education on the appropriate practices can be provided.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,13]],"date-time":"2013-09-13T10:37:45Z","timestamp":1379068665000},"page":"1736-1750","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Incidence of pregnancy\u2010related discomforts and management approaches to relieve them among pregnant women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Evsen","family":"Nazik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing Adana Health School Cukurova University Adana Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulsen","family":"Eryilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic Nursing Faculty of Health Sciences Ataturk University  Erzurum Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"CD004649","article-title":"Laxatives for the treatment of haemorrhoids","volume":"19","author":"Alonso\u2010Coello P","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in pregnancy","volume":"9","author":"Audu BM","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2006.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2000.02051.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","volume-title":"Women's Health Nursing Toward Evidence\u2010Based Practice","author":"Breslin ET","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20149"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmwh.2006.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.1996.tb02516.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005237-200410000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Erken gebelik d\u00f6nemi bulant\u0131 ve kusmas\u0131 olan gebelerin g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam aktivitelerinin etkilenme durumunun incelenmesi","volume":"3","author":"Ege E","year":"2000","journal-title":"Atat\u00fcrk \u00dcniversitesi Hem\u015firelik Y\u00fcksekokulu Dergisi"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01674829909075574"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-6238(02)00128-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2003.02970.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/j.0001-6349.2005.00829.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmwh.2008.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpgasthep1197"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"826","article-title":"The determination of women's fatigue levels in the third trimester of pregnancy and in the postpartum period","volume":"5","author":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 M","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health MED"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.31910"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2008.01891.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00737.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2004000200005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.1994.tb00445.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","volume-title":"Practice Guidelines for & Gynaecology","author":"Morgan G","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1998.00281.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7419.847"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.08.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","first-page":"Art. 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