{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T06:25:14Z","timestamp":1768544714579,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"21-22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,25]],"date-time":"2014-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims and objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the development and evaluation of a pre\u2010emptive and multimodal pain management protocol that aims to improve patient experiences following vitreo\u2010retinal day surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitreo\u2010retinal surgery has been increasingly performed as day surgery that requires patients to undertake postoperative self\u2010care, including the management of pain. While vitreo\u2010retinal surgery is known to be painful in the convalescent period, pain management following day surgery has been described as problematic across many surgical specialties.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred patient audit and in\u2010depth qualitative interviews with nine participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A pain management protocol was developed from research evidence, established knowledge and expert opinion, then implemented and evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pre\u2010emptive and multimodal protocol used intravenous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>arecoxib in conjunction with regional ocular anaesthesia and oral paracetamol. Parecoxib 40\u00a0mg was administered prior to discharge, and participants were instructed to take the paracetamol six hours post\u2010regional anaesthesia. Rescue analgesia was also provided. Following implementation of the protocol in a single clinical site, low levels of pain were reported in the audited patient cohort and confirmed in the qualitatively explored experiences of nine participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of this study were encouraging, in that post vitreo\u2010retinal day surgery pain appeared to have been successfully self\u2010managed with a multimodal and pre\u2010emptive protocol. The protocol was flexible and sensitive to patient comorbidities, surgical complexity, previous experiences and medical preferences. Further research is required to consolidate the success of this protocol to effectively support patients\u2019 self\u2010care pain management and provide capacity to generalise the findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Relevance to clinical practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>Knowledge developed through this clinically based research has the potential for informing future patient care across many sites where day surgery is an integral component of treatment for people with vitreo\u2010retinal disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,25]],"date-time":"2014-02-25T09:20:37Z","timestamp":1393320037000},"page":"3230-3239","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A pre\u2010emptive pain management protocol to support self\u2010care following vitreo\u2010retinal day surgery"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Christine","family":"McCloud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery Flinders University Bedford Park SA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Harrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery Flinders University Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lindy","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery Flinders University Bedford Park SA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024111430856"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210901900217"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"205","article-title":"Analgesia with paracetamol\/tramadol vs. paracetamol\/codeine in one day\u2010surgery: a randomized open study","volume":"15","author":"Alfano G","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.037341"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/nm2008.04.15.1.18.c6489"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists(2010)Statement PS45: Statement of Patients Rights to Pain Management and Associated Responsibilities. 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