{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:20:43Z","timestamp":1769732443752,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9-10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,22]],"date-time":"2014-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims and objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify perceived prevalence, characteristics, precipitating factors and suggestions for improving workplace violence in all nine public emergency departments in the Cyprus Republic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Workplace violence is a common phenomenon in emergency departments, but little is known about this phenomenon in Cyprus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective cross\u2010sectional survey.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two hundred and twenty of 365 emergency nurses (85\u00b77%) and doctors (14\u00b73%) participated in this study, of which 62% were female. Data were collected via a Greek language version of the Violent Incident Form. Additional questions examined perceived frequencies, encouragement for reporting, satisfaction with actions taken and suggestions for improvement. Descriptive analysis, chi\u2010square tests and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to describe and associate characteristics with workplace prevalence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the previous 12\u00a0months, the vast majority of nurses and doctors (76\u00b72%) were exposed to verbal abuse (88\u00b78%), mainly by relatives or friends of the patient (59\u00b71%). Relatively inexperienced clinicians were at greater risk. Waiting time was identified as the most significant organisational factor. Alcohol intoxication, substance abuse and mental illness were individual factors for workplace violence. Severe underreporting (72\u00b72%) and a belief that workplace violence is part of the work (74\u00b71%) were also identified. Workplace violence was highly correlated with several factors, including a lack of encouragement for reporting, a feeling in advance that a violent incident was about to happen and having to handle the incident personally. Suggestions for improvement included more security measures (26\u00b77%) and public education about the proper use of emergency services (15\u00b72%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Verbal abuse is common in Cypriot emergency departments, but clinicians are increasingly worried about physical assaults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Relevance to clinical practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>Training, security policies, encouragement of reporting and support for staff after a violent incident are needed. Future research should try to include the perpetrator's viewpoint.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,22]],"date-time":"2014-07-22T10:37:44Z","timestamp":1406025464000},"page":"1210-1222","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Workplace violence against clinicians in Cypriot emergency departments: a national questionnaire survey"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Paraskevas","family":"Vezyridis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences Frederick University Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Samoutis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences Frederick University Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petroula M","family":"Mavrikiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economic Sciences and Administration Frederick University Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.2007.00181.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7489(01)00050-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2009.03144.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02678379808256846"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2000.01322.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260505282565"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2834.2012.01416.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","volume-title":"Summary: The Global Shortage of Registered Nurses \u2010 An Overview of Issues and Actions","author":"Buchan J","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.7748\/nm.6.8.5.s8","article-title":"High risk of violence against nurses","volume":"6","author":"Carter R","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nursing Management (Harrow, London, England: 1994)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jen.2005.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2003.008540"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aaen.2003.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Violence against emergency nurses","volume":"26","author":"Dalphond D","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Emergency Nursing"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","volume-title":"Reducing Violence and Aggression in A&E Through a Better Experience","author":"Design Council","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","volume-title":"Workplace Violence in the Health Sector \u2010 Country Case Studies (Brazil, Bulgaria, Lebanon, Portugal, South Africa, Thailand, and an Additional Australian Study), Synthesis Report","author":"Di Martino V","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","unstructured":"Emergency Nurses Association(2011)ENA Workplace Violence Toolkit. Available at:http:\/\/www.ena.org\/IENR\/ViolenceToolKit\/Documents\/toolkitpg1.htm(accessed 25 October 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-1767(00)90092-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1466-7657.2010.00834.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2006.03956.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","first-page":"1245","article-title":"Violence in the emergency department: a survey of health care workers","volume":"161","author":"Fernandes CM","year":"1999","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aaen.2005.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NNA.0b013e3181ae97db"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/oeh.2009.15.1.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2005.12.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Violence against nurses and its impact on stress and productivity","volume":"29","author":"Gates DM","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nursing Economics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2003.007294"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2013.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aenj.2010.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10926770801926583"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1614.2004.01465.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2012.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-172X.2003.00431.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-172X.2006.00571.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Police\u2010recorded assaults on hospital premises in New South Wales: 1996\u20132006","volume":"116","author":"Hilliar K","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crime and Justice Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","unstructured":"IBM SPSS STATISTIC(2011)IBM SPSS STATISTIC program version 19 statistical software packages.IBM corporation New York."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","unstructured":"ILO ICN WHO&PSI(2003)Workplace Violence in the Health Sector. Country Case Studies Research Instruments. Survey Questionnaire.Geneva Switzerland. Available at:http:\/\/www.who.int\/violence_injury_prevention\/violence\/interpersonal\/en\/WVquestionnaire.pdf(accessed 5 January 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","unstructured":"International Council of Nurses [ICN](1999 March 8)Increasing violence in the workplace is a threat to nursing and delivery of health care. Press Release."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Framework Guidelines for Addressing Workplace Violence in the Health Sector","author":"International Labour Office\/International Council of Nurses\/World Health Organization\/Public Services International","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0966-0429.2001.00262.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2005.028621"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.15.4.262"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Violence: part of the job for Australian nurses?","volume":"18","author":"Jones J","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.O7001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2008.00282.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-12-469"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2004.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2012.02.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Prevalence of workplace violence against nurses in Hong Kong","volume":"12","author":"Kwok RPW","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hong Kong Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2011.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(88)80076-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2004.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Violence in New South Wales emergency departments","volume":"18","author":"Lyneham J","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-12-108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/men.2002.121835"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3928\/0279-3695-19910701-06","article-title":"When staff are assaulted. A nursing consultation support service","volume":"29","author":"Murray M","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","volume-title":"Violence Occupational Hazards in Hospitals (No. 2002\u2010101)","author":"National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health [NIOSH]","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.3928\/01484834-20050901-06","article-title":"The effect of a training course on nursing students' attitudes toward, perceptions of, and confidence in managing patient aggression","volume":"44","author":"Needham I","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Nursing Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7489(00)00089-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2010.03650.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)80941-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","volume-title":"Violence in the Workplace","author":"Perrone S","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAQ.0000278934.03750.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2018.2010.00525.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2010.03520.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2934.2006.00571.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1466-7657.2005.00420.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2010.03342.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2008.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2004.00807.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2009.03118.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-172X.1998.00073.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjocn.12660","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjocn.12660","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocn.12660","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T06:02:29Z","timestamp":1696226549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jocn.12660"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,22]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9-10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jocn.12660"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocn.12660","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-1067","1365-2702"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-1067","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2702","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,22]]}}}