{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T07:07:19Z","timestamp":1765609639176,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"17-18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,19]],"date-time":"2015-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RO1 TW006977"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 TW006977"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"El Centro, National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities","award":["P60MD002266"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P60MD002266"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims and objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate if socio\u2010demographic factors, religiosity,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related knowledge, Marianismo, history of having been tested for<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>, knowing someone who died of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDS<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>risk perception were predictive factors to<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>enacted stigma predictors among Chilean women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>infection is the number one cause of death among women during their reproductive years. In Chile, studies with people living with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>demonstrate the existence of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related stigma. However, limited evidence is available about the underlying causes of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>enacted stigma that results in stigmatisation and discrimination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current cross\u2010sectional study is a secondary analysis of data collected to assess the impact of an<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>prevention intervention (Mano a Mano\u2010Mujer) designed for Chilean women. A quasi\u2010experimental design was used in the original study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was conducted in two communities in Santiago, Chile. The sample for this study consisted of 496 Chileans between ages 18\u201349. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression were used for the analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants in the study reported high levels (77\u00b78%) of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>enacted stigma. Higher levels of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related knowledge were associated with lower levels of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>enacted stigma. Women with higher education had lower levels of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>enacted stigma than women with elementary education. In addition, greater levels of<jats:italic>marianismo<\/jats:italic>(cultural belief that women should be passive, faithful, and devoted to family) were associated with higher HIV enacted stigma scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings reflected the presence of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>enacted stigma among Chilean women. Identifying the significant predictors of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>enacted stigma can help the nursing community to design<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>prevention interventions that include the reduction in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>enacted stigma.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>evidence\u2010based prevention interventions should incorporate contents related to stigma to contribute to prevent<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>enacted stigma at individual and community levels in accordance with the bioecological model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Relevance to clinical practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of this study could serve to develop<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>prevention interventions that target the reduction in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>enacted stigma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,19]],"date-time":"2015-02-19T06:10:59Z","timestamp":1424326259000},"page":"2392-2401","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Predictors of<scp>HIV<\/scp>enacted stigma among Chilean women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Rosina","family":"Cianelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Health Studies University of Miami Coral Gables FL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Villlegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Health Studies University of Miami Coral Gables FL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"De Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Health Studies University of Miami Miami FL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Hires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Gattamorta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Health Studies University of Miami Coral Gables FL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lilian","family":"Ferrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Enfermeria Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nilda","family":"Peragallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Health Studies University of Miami Coral Gables FL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,19]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Psychology and Sociology Applied to Medicine: An Illustrated Colour Text","year":"2009","author":"Alder B","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-007-9231-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674028845","volume-title":"The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design","author":"Brofenbrenner U","year":"1979"},{"volume-title":"Evolucion de VIH\u2010SIDA Chile, 1984\u20132008","year":"2009","author":"Chilean Ministry of Health","key":"e_1_2_12_5_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","unstructured":"CianelliR(2003)HIV\/AIDS Issues among Chilean Women: Cultural Factors and Perception of Risk Factors for HIV\/AIDS Acquisition. 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