{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T22:29:50Z","timestamp":1785450590137,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13-14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,25]],"date-time":"2015-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims and objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to identify the key clinical indicators of ineffective breathing pattern among paediatric patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>When nurses perform clinical reasoning, certain characteristics represent the clinical indicators necessary to confirm the presence of a particular diagnosis. Some quantitative studies have reported the prevalence of ineffective breathing pattern in different samples of patients. However, these findings should be synthesised.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Meta\u2010analysis of quantitative nursing studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies were identified via systematic searches of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CINAHL<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> LILACS<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> P<\/jats:styled-content>ub<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ed and Scopus using the key search terms \u2018ineffective\u2019, \u2018breathing\u2019 and \u2018pattern\u2019. Additional quality\u2010related inclusion criteria were gleaned from the Cochrane Collaboration for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy, the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy and the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. The pertinent results from each study were extracted and analysed via meta\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six studies using paediatric populations met the inclusion criteria. Summary measures indicated that the following defining characteristics had the highest accuracy values for ineffective breathing pattern among children: bradypnoea, dyspnoea, nasal flaring, orthopnoea, tachypnoea and the use of accessory muscles to breathe.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This meta\u2010analysis provides information regarding the accuracy of the clinical indicators of ineffective breathing pattern from studies sampling diverse paediatric populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Relevance to clinical practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nurses can better use clinical indicators to infer the presence of ineffective breathing pattern when they are aware of the most relevant defining characteristics. Nursing students and professionals can also improve their critical thinking abilities and diagnostic reasoning based on these findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,25]],"date-time":"2015-03-25T14:31:11Z","timestamp":1427293871000},"page":"1773-1783","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Defining the key clinical indicators for ineffective breathing pattern in paediatric patients: a meta\u2010analysis of accuracy studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Vanessa Emille Carvalho","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education of Brazil CAPES Foundation Bras\u00edlia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos Ven\u00edcios de Oliveira","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Cear\u00e1 Fortaleza Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviane Martins","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Cear\u00e1 Fortaleza Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gail M","family":"Keenan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-21002012000500011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-31802012000500002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-618X.2010.01169.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","unstructured":"Beltr\u00e3oBA SilvaVM LopesMVO ChavesDBR SantiagoJMV&SantosACB(2012 May)Accuracy of the Defining Characteristics of the Diagnosis Ineffective Breathing Pattern. 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