{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T21:59:26Z","timestamp":1784239166542,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"17-18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,7]],"date-time":"2015-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1428364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Centers for Disease Control-National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","award":["R01 OH009948"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 OH009948"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims and objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify common catalysts of worker\u2010to\u2010worker violence and incivility in hospital settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Worker\u2010to\u2010worker violence and incivility are prevalent forms of mistreatment in healthcare workplaces. These are forms of counterproductive work behaviour that can lead to negative outcomes for employees, patients and the organisation overall. Identifying the factors that lead to co\u2010worker mistreatment is a critical first step in the development of interventions targeting these behaviours.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective descriptive study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Qualitative content analysis was conducted on the total sample (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>141) of employee incident reports of worker\u2010to\u2010worker violence and incivility that were documented in 2011 at a large American hospital system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>More than 50% of the incidents involved nurses, and the majority of incidents did not involve physical violence. Two primary themes emerged from the analysis: Work Behaviour and Work Organisation. Incidents in the Work Behaviour category were often sparked by unprofessional behaviour, disagreement over responsibilities for work tasks or methods of patient care, and dissatisfaction with a co\u2010worker's performance. Incidents in the Work Organisation category involved conflicts or aggression arising from failure to following protocol, patient assignments, limited resources and high workload.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Incidents of worker\u2010to\u2010worker violence and incivility stemmed from dissatisfaction with employee behaviour or from organisational practices or work constraints. These incident descriptions reflect worker dissatisfaction and frustration, resulting from poor communication and collaboration between employees, all of which threaten work productivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Relevance to clinical practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>Violence and incivility between hospital employees can contribute to turnover of top performers, hinder effective teamwork and jeopardise the quality of patient care. Identification of common catalysts for worker\u2010to\u2010worker violence and incivility informs the development of mistreatment prevention programmes that can be used to educate hospital staff.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,8]],"date-time":"2015-04-08T04:46:34Z","timestamp":1428468394000},"page":"2458-2467","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Catalysts of worker\u2010to\u2010worker violence and incivility in hospitals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Lydia E","family":"Hamblin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Wayne State University Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynnette","family":"Essenmacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Detroit Medical Center Occupational Health Services Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J","family":"Upfal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Detroit Medical Center Occupational Health Services Detroit MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Detroit Medical Center Occupational Health Services Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Luborsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Gerontology Wayne State University Detroit MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurobiology Caring Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Ager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith E","family":"Arnetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqn045"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/259136"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2000.01322.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(00)00146-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20984"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/oeh.2011.17.4.328"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","unstructured":"ArnetzJE HamblinL AgerJ LuborskyM UpfalMJ RussellJ&EssenmacherL(in press)Underreporting of workplace violence: comparison of self\u2010report and actual documentation of incidents in hospital settings. 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