{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T23:11:46Z","timestamp":1780441906351,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]],"date-time":"2016-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims and objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the essence of the self\u2010experience of adolescents with Tourette syndrome in the context of peer interaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tourette syndrome has an adverse impact on adolescents\u2019 physical, psychological and interpersonal interactions. Peers provide adolescents with social interactions that are crucial to the formation of self\u2010identity. Studies exploring the self\u2010experience of adolescents with Tourette syndrome in the context of peer relationships are lacking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A qualitative, phenomenological research design was used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 12 adolescents with Tourette syndrome from the Taiwan Tourette Family Association were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected using open\u2010ended questions in one\u2010on\u2010one in\u2010depth interviews that lasted 60\u201390\u00a0minutes. Giorgi's phenomenological methods were applied to analyse the data obtained. Four criteria were employed to evaluate methodological rigour.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings showed that the self\u2010experience of adolescents with Tourette syndrome during peer interaction reflected their lived experiences of peer identity, social identity and self\u2010identity. Themes included: (1) the inexplicable onset of tics during encounters with other people, (2) sources inspiring the courage for self\u2010acceptance and (3) strategies of self\u2010protection in response to changes in\u00a0situation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The self\u2010experience of peer interaction among adolescents with Tourette syndrome is a dynamic and interactive process characterised by the symbolic meanings conferred on the tics by the interacting adolescents. The adolescents with Tourette syndrome obtain self\u2010identity through peer responses and recognition, while the tolerance, respect and support of parents and teachers spark the adolescents\u2019 courage for self\u2010acceptance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Relevance to clinical practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>Healthcare providers who assist adolescents with Tourette syndrome must understand that tics occur in the context of peer interaction and how this affects the adolescents\u2019 relationships with their peers in various life situations. Furthermore, healthcare providers should provide support, respect and offer coping strategies regarding peer interaction based on an understanding of the social dynamics of such peer interactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]],"date-time":"2016-01-28T07:17:01Z","timestamp":1453965421000},"page":"463-471","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["\u2018Living with tics\u2019: self\u2010experience of adolescents with Tourette syndrome during peer interaction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Mei\u2010Yin","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Mackay Medical College Taipei"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei\u2010Fan","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing National Yang\u2010Ming University Taipei"},{"name":"National Defense Medical Center Taipei"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Sheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Philosophy National Chengchi University Taipei"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huei\u2010Shyong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine Chang Gung University Division of Pediatric Neurology Chang Gung Children's Hospital Taoyuan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3181a206b1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"Association AP","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2001.01680.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2009.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","volume-title":"Symbolic Interactionism Perspective and Method","author":"Blumer H","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02763054"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922814550396"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Symbolic Interactionism: An Introduction, an Interpretation, an Integration","author":"Charon JM","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/1541-6577.23.3.216"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2009.00983.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Clinical features and associated psychopathology in a Tourette Syndrome cohort","volume":"109","author":"Eapen F","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Neurological Scandinavia"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","first-page":"440","volume-title":"Development Across the Life Span","author":"Feldman RS","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0894318404272112"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","volume-title":"The Descriptive Phenomenological Method in Psychology: A Modified Husserlian Approach","author":"Giorgi A","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"The prognosis of Tourette syndrome: implications for clinical practice","volume":"27","author":"Hassan N","year":"2012","journal-title":"Functional Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10882-007-9042-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738060210081001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470479193","volume-title":"Handbook of Adolescent Psychology. 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