{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T23:46:42Z","timestamp":1772840802071,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"17-18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]],"date-time":"2016-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Chiayi County","award":["B10204019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B10204019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims and objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore cigarette smoking and health\u2010promoting behaviours among disadvantaged adults before their tuberculosis diagnosis and after their tuberculosis treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although tuberculosis infection is associated with impaired immune function, healthy lifestyle habits can play a role in improving the immune system. However, limited research has explored the health\u2010promoting behaviours and cigarette smoking habits among tuberculosis patients in Taiwan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional retrospective study with a convenience sample.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was conducted between May 2013\u2013June 2014 with 123 patients at a rural district hospital in Chiayi County, Taiwan. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, univariate analysis and stepwise regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tuberculosis tended to be associated with less education, male sex, malnutrition, cigarette smoking and unhealthy lifestyle habits before the tuberculosis diagnosis. The percentage of smoking decreased from 46\u00b79% before to 30\u00b72% after the tuberculosis diagnosis. Body mass index and health\u2010promoting behaviours also significantly improved after tuberculosis treatment. After controlling for potential confounding factors, multivariate analysis identified chronic disease and completed treatment as significant factors that were associated with current health\u2010promoting behaviours.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A high prevalence of cigarette smoking and low levels of health\u2010promoting behaviours were observed before the diagnosis and during or after completing tuberculosis treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Relevance to clinical practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study's findings indicate the importance of promoting healthy lifestyle changes among tuberculosis patients; aggressive measures should be implemented immediately after the first diagnosis of tuberculosis. Furthermore, health promotion and smoking cessation programmes should be initiated in the general population to prevent activation of latent tuberculosis infection, and these programmes should specifically target men and rural residents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]],"date-time":"2016-06-06T08:56:50Z","timestamp":1465203410000},"page":"2511-2519","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Cigarette smoking and health\u2010promoting behaviours among tuberculosis patients in rural areas"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Shu\u2010Lan","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital Chiayi, Chiayi County Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun\u2010Liang","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital Chiayi, Chiayi County Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miao\u2010Ching","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Care Chang Gung University of Science and Technology Chiayi, Chiayi County Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei\u2010Yen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Nursing Chang Gung University of Science and Technology Chiayi, Chiayi County Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"841","article-title":"Smoking increases the risk of relapse after successful tuberculosis treatment","volume":"37","author":"d'Arc Lyra BJ","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5506"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control ROC Taiwan(2014)Tuberculosis. 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