{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:19:01Z","timestamp":1790169541573,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"23-24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]],"date-time":"2016-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims and objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purposes of this study were to measure the prevalence of, and identify factors associated with, cervical cancer screening among a sample of lesbian, bisexual and queer women, and transgender men.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Past research has found that lesbian, bisexual and queer women underuse cervical screening service. Because deficient screening remains the most significant risk factor for cervical cancer, it is essential to understand the differences between routine and nonroutine screeners.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A convergent\u2010parallel mixed methods design.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A convenience sample of 21\u2010 to 65\u2010year\u2010old lesbian and bisexual women and transgender men were recruited in the USA from August\u2013December 2014. Quantitative data were collected via a 48\u2010item Internet questionnaire (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0226), and qualitative data were collected through in\u2010depth telephone interviews (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a020) and open\u2010ended questions on the Internet questionnaire.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy\u2010three per cent of the sample was routine cervical screeners. The results showed that a constellation of factors influence the use of cervical cancer screening among lesbian, bisexual and queer women. Some of those factors overlap with the general female population, whereas others are specific to the lesbian, bisexual or queer identity. Routine screeners reported feeling more welcome in the health care setting, while nonroutine screeners reported more discrimination related to their sexual orientation and gender expression. Routine screeners were also more likely to \u2018out\u2019 to their provider. The quantitative and qualitative factors were also compared and contrasted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many of the factors identified in this study to influence cervical cancer screening relate to the health care environment and to interactions between the patient and provider.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Relevance to clinical practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nurses should be involved with creating welcoming environments for lesbian, bisexual and queer women and their partners. Moreover, nurses play a large role in patient education and should promote self\u2010care behaviours among lesbian women and transgender men.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,30]],"date-time":"2016-05-30T14:42:40Z","timestamp":1464619360000},"page":"3628-3642","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Quantitative and mixed analyses to identify factors that affect cervical cancer screening uptake among lesbian and bisexual women and transgender men"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Michael J","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing University of Nevada Las Vegas Las Vegas NV USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele J","family":"Eliason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Education San Francisco State University San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gail","family":"Stuart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynne S","family":"Nemeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301548"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"American Cancer Society(2012)New Screening Guidelines for Cervical Cancer. 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