{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:19:05Z","timestamp":1790878745179,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"15-16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,2]],"date-time":"2017-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006710","name":"Wayne State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim and objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe relationships between cumulative trauma, partner conflict and post\u2010traumatic stress in African\u2010American postpartum women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cumulative trauma exposure estimates for women in the USA range from 51\u201369%. During pregnancy, most trauma research has focused on physical injury to the mother. Post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with trauma and more prevalent in African\u2010American women than women of other groups. Knowledge about both the rate and impact of cumulative trauma on pregnancy may contribute to our understanding of women seeking prenatal care, and disparities in infant morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective, correlational, cross\u2010sectional study took place on postpartum units of two Detroit hospitals. Participants were 150 African\u2010American women aged between 18\u201345 who had given birth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mothers completed the Cumulative Trauma Scale, Conflict Tactics Scale, Clinician Administered Post\u2010traumatic Stress Scale, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and a Demographic Data form. Descriptive statistics, correlations and multiple regressions were used for data analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All participants reported at least one traumatic event in their lifetime. Cumulative trauma and partner conflict predicted PTSD, with the trauma of a life\u2010threatening event for a loved one reported by 60% of the sample. Nearly, one\u2010fourth of the women screened were at risk for PTSD. Increased cumulative trauma, increased partner conflict and lower level of education were related to higher rates of PTSD symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both cumulative trauma and partner conflict in the past year predict PTSD. Reasoning was used most often for partner conflict resolution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Relevance to Clinical Practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of this study offer additional knowledge regarding relationships between cumulative trauma, partner conflict and PTSD in African\u2010American women. Healthcare providers need to be sensitive to patient life\u2010threatening events, personal failures, abuse and other types of trauma. Current evidence supports the need to assess for post\u2010traumatic stress symptoms during pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]],"date-time":"2016-06-06T13:32:27Z","timestamp":1465219947000},"page":"2372-2383","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Cumulative trauma and partner conflict predict post\u2010traumatic stress disorder in postpartum African\u2010American women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Nancy J","family":"Hauff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Family, Community, and Mental Health College of Nursing Wayne State University Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Fry\u2010McComish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family, Community, and Mental Health College of Nursing Wayne State University Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa M","family":"Chiodo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-200009000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"A clinician rating scale for assessing current and lifetime PTSD: the CAPS\u20101","volume":"13","author":"Blake DD","year":"1990","journal-title":"The Behavior Therapist"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490080106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08336-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2009.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.150.6.782"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","first-page":"1165","article-title":"Intimate partner violence","volume":"83","author":"Cronholm PF","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10538710701884540"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-008-0315-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003727-200604000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e31820c7543"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","unstructured":"Healthy People 2020(2016)Healthy People 2020: Topics and Objectives. 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