{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:17:48Z","timestamp":1787498268859,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"15-16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,7]],"date-time":"2017-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims and objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the association between sociodemographic, pregnancy\u2010related variables and psychological and verbal intimate partner abuse, as well as to determine which of these variables are predictors of psychological and verbal intimate partner abuse during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intimate partner violence is a significant health issue, with severe implications to both mother and foetus. However, much of the research to date focuses on the outcomes of physical abuse. This article addresses the dearth in the literature by examining the association between sociodemographic, pregnancy\u2010related variables and psychological and verbal intimate partner abuse during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A survey research design was used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Three hundred postnatal women were recruited by convenience, nonproportional quota sampling technique. The\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WHO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      Violence Against Women Instrument was self\u2010administered by participants. The association between categorical variables was assessed using Pearson's chi\u2010square test, the strength of association using Cramer's V and the phi coefficient, and the identification of predictor variables for psychological and verbal abuse using logistic regression analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four predictors were identified for psychological abuse, namely low education level in women, an unplanned pregnancy, experiencing two or more pregnancy\u2010related health problems and living with an unemployed partner. However, unemployment in women, an unplanned pregnancy, fear of partner and a low education level of partner were identified as the predictors of verbal abuse.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study identified a number of variables that strongly predict psychological and verbal intimate partner abuse during pregnancy; however, it extends the available literature by identifying a low standard of education in males, unemployment and fear of the intimate partner as the significant predictors of psychological and verbal intimate partner abuse.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Relevance to clinical practice<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Healthcare professionals should be aware of the predictors predisposing pregnant women to abuse. This would enable the identification of pregnant women who are susceptible to psychological and verbal intimate partner abuse, thus enabling the provision of adequate support. There is also a need to introduce routine screening for psychological and verbal intimate partner abuse during the antenatal period, following extensive training to all professionals concerned.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,29]],"date-time":"2016-08-29T11:23:19Z","timestamp":1472469799000},"page":"2426-2438","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Intimate partner violence: psychological and verbal abuse during pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Christie","family":"Debono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery Faculty of Health Sciences University of Malta Msida Malta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Borg Xuereb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery Faculty of Health Sciences University of Malta Msida Malta"},{"name":"International Confederation of Midwives The Hague the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josianne","family":"Scerri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health Faculty of Health Sciences University of Malta Msida Malta"},{"name":"Kingston University and St George's University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liberato","family":"Camilleri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics &amp; Operations Research Faculty of Science University of Malta Msida Malta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","unstructured":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists(2013)Committee Opinion No. 554: Reproductive and Sexual Coercion. 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