{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:16:44Z","timestamp":1792192604606,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"23-24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,23]],"date-time":"2017-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1495497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of San Diego, Hahn School of Nursing and Health Science Dean's PhD Research Scholar Award"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims and objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To report an analysis of the concept of perinatal post\u2010traumatic stress disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prevalence of perinatal post\u2010traumatic stress disorder is rising in the USA, with 9% of the U.S. perinatal population diagnosed with the disorder and an additional 18% being at risk for the condition. Left untreated, adverse maternal\u2013child outcomes result in increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Concept analysis via Walker and Avant's approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The databases Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medline, Academic Search Premier and PsychINFO were searched for articles, written in English, published between 2006\u20132015, containing the terms perinatal and post\u2010traumatic stress disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Perinatal post\u2010traumatic stress disorder owns unique attributes, antecedents and outcomes when compared to post\u2010traumatic stress disorder in other contexts, and may be defined as a disorder arising after a traumatic experience, diagnosed any time from conception to 6\u00a0months postpartum, lasting longer than 1\u00a0month, leading to specific negative maternal symptoms and poor maternal\u2013infant outcomes. Attributes include a diagnostic time frame (conception to 6\u00a0months postpartum), harmful prior or current trauma and specific diagnostic symptomatology defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition. Antecedents were identified as trauma (perinatal complications and abuse), postpartum depression and previous psychiatric history. Consequences comprised adverse maternal\u2013infant outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Further research on perinatal post\u2010traumatic stress disorder antecedents, attributes and outcomes in ethnically diverse populations may provide clinicians a more comprehensive framework for identifying and treating perinatal post\u2010traumatic stress disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Relevance to clinical practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nurses are encouraged to increase their awareness of perinatal post\u2010traumatic stress disorder for early assessment and intervention, and prevention of adverse maternal\u2013infant outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,15]],"date-time":"2017-03-15T07:03:12Z","timestamp":1489561392000},"page":"3859-3868","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Post\u2010traumatic stress disorder in the perinatal period: A concept analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Julie","family":"Vignato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing University of Iowa Iowa City IA USA"},{"name":"Hahn School of Nursing and Health Science Beyster Institute for Nursing Research University of San Diego San Diego CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane M","family":"Georges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hahn School of Nursing and Health Science Beyster Institute for Nursing Research University of San Diego San Diego CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth A","family":"Bush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hahn School of Nursing and Health Science Beyster Institute for Nursing Research University of San Diego San Diego CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia D","family":"Connelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hahn School of Nursing and Health Science Beyster Institute for Nursing Research University of San Diego San Diego CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100412.2012.01476.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002706"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.02.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-200401000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523\u2010536X.2011.00475.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211562"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838015584369"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737\u2010015\u20100501\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2012.4121"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.12211"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","volume-title":"Effective treatments for PTSD","author":"Foa E. 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