{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T17:13:53Z","timestamp":1781716433568,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]],"date-time":"2017-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims and objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determinate the incidence, incidence rate and risk factors of pressure ulcers in critical care patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pressure ulcers represent one of the most frequent health problems in clinical practice. Specifically, critical patients who are hospitalised in intensive care units have a higher risk of developing a pressure ulcer, with an incidence that fluctuates between 3.3\u201339.3% according to previous studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three hundred and thirty\u2010five adult patients (over 18 years old) who were hospitalised in intensive care units for at least 24\u00a0hr were monitored for a maximum of 32\u00a0days. They were excluded if they had a pressure ulcers at admission. The survival rate for pressure ulcers, from stages I\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content>, was calculated using the Kaplan\u2013Meier method. A multivariate Cox regression model was adjusted to identify the main risk factors for pressure ulcers: demographic, clinical, prognostic and therapeutic variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of pressure ulcers in critical patients was 8.1%, and the incidence rate was 11.72 pressure ulcers for 1,000\u00a0days of intensive care units stay; 40.6% of pressure ulcers were of stage I and 59.4% of stage <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>, mainly in the sacrum. According to the Cox model, the main risk factors for pressure ulcers were in\u2010hospital complications, prognostic scoring system (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAPS III<\/jats:styled-content>) and length of immobilisation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of pressure ulcers is lower than that shown in recent studies. Complications on the unit and the prognosis score were risk factors associated with pressure ulcers but, surprisingly, length of immobilisation was a protective factor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Relevance to clinical practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>Survival analysis of pressure ulcer allows for identification of risk factors associated with this health problem in the intensive care units. Identifying these factors can help nurses establish interventions to prevent pressure ulcers in this healthcare scenario, given that pressure ulcers prevention is an indicator of nursing quality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.14091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,28]],"date-time":"2017-09-28T15:36:58Z","timestamp":1506613018000},"page":"1028-1037","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Incidence and risk factors associated with the development of pressure ulcers in an intensive care unit"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Isabel","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UGC de Cuidados Intensivos Hospital Virgen del Roc\u00edo Seville Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Enfermer\u00eda Universidad de Sevilla Sevilla Espa\u00f1a"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3909-2718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Lima\u2010Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Enfermer\u00eda Universidad de Sevilla Sevilla Espa\u00f1a"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catalina","family":"Mart\u00edn\u2010Casta\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UGC de Cuidados Intensivos Hospital Virgen del Roc\u00edo Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inmaculada","family":"Alonso\u2010Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UGC de Cuidados Intensivos Hospital Virgen del Roc\u00edo Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaqu\u00edn Salvador","family":"Lima\u2010Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Enfermer\u00eda Universidad de Sevilla Sevilla Espa\u00f1a"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/175114371401500415"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1036-7314(01)80019-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0080-623420150000700002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2012.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2011934"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2012.04216.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WON.0000000000000050"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","volume-title":"Prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers: Quick reference guide","author":"European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel\u00a0and National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel","year":"2009"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"CD009958","article-title":"Repositioning for pressure ulcer prevention in adults","author":"Gillespie B. 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