{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:52:29Z","timestamp":1790124749054,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19-20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]],"date-time":"2018-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010096","name":"Southern Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Y2016012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y2016012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010096","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims and objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare and evaluate the reliability, validity, feasibility, clinical utility, and nurses\u2019 preference of the Premature Infant Pain Profile\u2010Revised, the Neonatal Pain, Agitation, and Sedation Scale, and the Neonatal Infant Acute Pain Assessment Scale used for procedural pain in ventilated neonates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Procedural pain is a common phenomenon but is undermanaged and underassessed in hospitalised neonates. Information for clinician selecting pain measurements to improve neonatal care and outcomes is still limited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective observational study was used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1,080 pain assessments were made at 90 neonates by two nurses independently, using three scales viewing three phases of videotaped painful (arterial blood sampling) and nonpainful procedures (diaper change). Internal consistency, inter\u2010rater reliability, discriminant validity, concurrent validity and convergent validity of scales were analysed. Feasibility, clinical utility and nurses\u2019 preference of scales were also investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All three scales showed excellent inter\u2010rater coefficients (from 0.991\u20130.992) and good internal consistency (0.733 for the Premature Infant Pain Profile\u2010Revised, 0.837 for the Neonatal Pain, Agitation, and Sedation Scale and 0.836 for the Neonatal Infant Acute Pain Assessment Scale, respectively). Scores of painful and nonpainful procedures on the three scales changed significantly across the phases. There was a strong correlation between the three scales with adequate limits of agreement. The mean scores of the Neonatal Pain, Agitation, and Sedation Scale for feasibility and utility were significantly higher than those of the Neonatal Infant Acute Pain Assessment Scale, but not significantly higher than those of the Premature Infant Pain Profile\u2010Revised. The Neonatal Pain, Agitation, and Sedation Scale was mostly preferred by 55.9% of the nurses, followed by the Neonatal Infant Acute Pain Assessment Scale (23.5%) and the Premature Infant Pain Profile\u2010Revised (20.6%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The three scales are all reliable and valid, but the Neonatal Pain, Agitation, and Sedation Scale and the Neonatal Infant Acute Pain Assessment Scale perform better in reliability. The Neonatal Pain, Agitation, and Sedation Scale appears to be a better choice for frontier nurses to assess procedural pain in ventilated neonates based on its good feasibility, utility and nurses\u2019 preference.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Relevance to clinical practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>Choosing a valid, reliable, feasible and practical measurement is the key step for better management of procedural pain for ventilated newborns. Using the right and suitable tool is helpful to accurately identify pain, ultimately improve the neonatal care and outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.14585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,26]],"date-time":"2018-06-26T21:13:19Z","timestamp":1530047599000},"page":"3522-3529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Evaluation of three pain assessment scales used for ventilated neonates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Xiao\u2010Zhi","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0328-1859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun\u2010Xia","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-4271"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2011.05837.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmu039"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.1.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e3182400d54"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","first-page":"226","article-title":"Neonatal procedural pain exposure and pain management in ventilated preterm infants during the first 14\u00a0days of life","volume":"139","author":"Cignacco E.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Swiss Medical Weekly"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.757"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","first-page":"e25","article-title":"Neonatal pain in very preterm infants: Long\u2010term effects on brain, neurodevelopment and pain reactivity","volume":"4","author":"Eckstein G. R.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2014.01.005"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Reliability and validity of three scales for assessment of heel lance pain in neonates","volume":"24","author":"He F.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Nursing (China)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","unstructured":"Hummel P.(2014).Psychometric evaluation of the Neonatal Pain Agitation and Sedation Scale (N\u2010PASS) tool in infants and children age one to thirty\u2010six months in the post\u2010anesthesia care unit. Dissertations & Theses \u2013 Gradworks.Loyola University Chicago Chicago IL."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2009.185"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211861"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijn.12202"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2014.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6712.2008.00683.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000357207"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e3181e72507","article-title":"Pain assessment as a social transaction: Beyond the \u201cgold standard\u201d","volume":"26","author":"Schiavenato M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of Pain"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.157.11.1058"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e3182906aed"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199603000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-172X.2006.00592.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.06.029"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjocn.14585","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocn.14585","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T13:48:38Z","timestamp":1694958518000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jocn.14585"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19-20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jocn.14585"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocn.14585","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-1067","1365-2702"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-1067","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2702","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-06-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-07-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}