{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T19:32:54Z","timestamp":1784403174661,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9-10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To gain knowledge of prevention and use of restraints in provision of medical care to people with intellectual disability. To this end, we explore how learning disability nurses in community services support the individual through medical examinations when facing resistance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite increased focus on limiting restraints, there is a lack of knowledge of how restraints are prevented and used in the delivery of physical health care to people with intellectual disability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used an ethnographic comparative case design (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was carried out in Norway. The analysis is based on data from semi\u2010structured interviews, participant observation and document studies, in addition to health sociological perspectives on how to support individuals to make their body available for medical examination and intervention. The SRQR checklist was used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Learning disability nurses strove to ensure that examinations were carried out on the individual's terms, supporting the individual in three phases: preparing for the examination, facilitating the examination and, when facing resistance, intervening to ensure safe and compassionate completion of the examination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Supporting the person was a precarious process where professionals had to balance considerations of voluntariness and coercion, progress and breakdown, safety and risk of injury, and dignity and violation. Through their support, learning disability nurses helped to constitute the \u201cresistant\u201d individual as \u201ca cooperative patient,\u201d whose body could be examined within the knowledge and methods of medicine, but who could also be safeguarded as a human being through the strain of undergoing examination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Relevance to clinical practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>The article sheds light on how restraints are used in the medical examination and treatment of people with intellectual disabilities and demonstrates the significance of professional support workers\u2019 contributions, both in facilitating safe and efficient medical care and in ensuring the least restrictive and most compassionate care possible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T12:03:47Z","timestamp":1581422627000},"page":"1539-1551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Mediating the interface between voluntariness and coercion: A qualitative study of learning disability nurses\u2019 work in medical examinations of people with intellectual disability"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3765-3465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linn Ebeltoft","family":"Sparby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Care Research, North University of Troms\u00f8 The Arctic University of Norway Troms\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Department of ReHabilitation Finnmark Hospital Trust Kirkenes Hospital Kirkenes Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3297-6943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Olsvold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health VID Specialized University Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8263-6560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aud","family":"Obstfelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences in Gj\u00f8vik NTNU Gj\u00f8vik Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/1355819054338997"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070855"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCIDE.S63626"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3148.2009.00505.x"},{"issue":"523","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Previously unidentified morbidity in patients with intellectual disability","volume":"56","author":"Baxter H.","year":"2006","journal-title":"The British Journal of General Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","volume-title":"Principles of biomedical ethics","author":"Beauchamp T. L.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4800720"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/136682503100008687"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.12209"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3156.2008.00536.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/phc2011.12.21.10.26.c8850"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511861178"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","volume-title":"The body","author":"Fox N. J.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","volume-title":"Profession of medicine: A study of the sociology of applied knowledge","author":"Freidson E.","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.12233"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2008.04829.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11019-008-9165-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","volume-title":"Physical being: A theory for a corporeal psychology","author":"Harr\u00e9 R.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","volume-title":"Physical interventions. A policy framework","author":"Harris J.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.1998.7.8.5707"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","first-page":"323","volume-title":"Essential guide to qualitative methods in organizational research","author":"Hartley J.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511628221"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f7645"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12095"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/ldp.19.4.23.s21"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.20098"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10882-018-09656-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.1997.tb00725.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.12629"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1744629510361811"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2010.01292.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2012.01601.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2009.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01149835"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3148.2008.00478.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","volume-title":"The social system","author":"Parsons T.","year":"1964"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/ldp2006.07.9.6.30.c7663"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12072"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jppi.12047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2014.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1754-4505.2008.00063.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2004.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09687599.2016.1261011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","volume-title":"Social organization of medical work","author":"Strauss A. L.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","volume-title":"Qualitative research as stepwise\u2010deductive induction","author":"Tjora A. H.","year":"2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The barriers to and enablers of providing reasonably adjusted health services to people with intellectual disabilities in acute hospitals: Evidence from a mixed\u2010methods study","volume":"4","author":"Tuffrey\u2010Wijne I.","year":"2014","journal-title":"British Medical Journal Open"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","unstructured":"UN. (2006).Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.un.org\/development\/desa\/disabilities\/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities\/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities-2.html. United Nations. Accessed January 11 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0969733016638141"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12298"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/1934-9556-50.3.243"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1539449217714148"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","unstructured":"WMA. (1964).The Declaration of Helsinki. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.wma.net\/policies-post\/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects\/. World Medical Association. Accessed January 11 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-10-82"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13668250412331285163"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjocn.15211","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocn.15211","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jocn.15211","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocn.15211","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T08:08:45Z","timestamp":1694074125000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jocn.15211"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9-10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jocn.15211"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocn.15211","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-1067","1365-2702"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-1067","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2702","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-05-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}