{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T22:56:41Z","timestamp":1762642601096,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9-10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims and objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the effect of tissue adhesives on perineal wound healing and pain relief in women with perineal trauma during childbirth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Due to the high incidence and severe consequences of perineal trauma during childbirth, tissue adhesives are recommended as an alternative to conventional sutures to repair perineal trauma. Although many original studies have explored the effect of tissue adhesives on perineal wound healing and pain relief in women with perineal trauma during childbirth, these studies have differed in participants, interventions and outcomes. Therefore, the effect of tissue adhesives on wound healing and pain relief in perineal trauma during childbirth is inconclusive.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis based on PRISMA 2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic and comprehensive literature search was conducted. Eight electronic databases, three clinical trial registers, and grey literature were searched from inception to 28th April 2021 and reference lists were also retrieved. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving women with first\u2010 or second\u2010degree perineal lacerations or women who underwent episiotomy were included. The intervention was the use of tissue adhesives alone or in combination with sutures. For the outcome indicators of perineal wound healing and pain relief, subgroup analyses based on the extent of perineal trauma and measurement time points were conducted, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 14 RCTs involving 2264 participants were included in this research. The results indicated that for first\u2010degree lacerations, the incidence of wound complications was significantly higher in the tissue adhesives group. In contrast, for episiotomy, the effect of the combination of tissue adhesives and sutures was comparable to that of sutures exclusively. The pooled results revealed that tissue adhesives exerted a positive effect on relieving immediate and short\u2010term perineal pain, but no significant difference was found in the effect of long\u2010term pain relief. Moreover, this review also supported the effect of tissue adhesives in shortening intraoperative repair time and improving clinician\u2010maternal satisfaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The existing evidence illustrates that tissue adhesives effectively promote perineal wound healing and relieve immediate and short\u2010term pain. However, for first\u2010degree lacerations, the increased occurrence of wound complications must be prudently considered when applying tissue adhesives alone, whereas, for episiotomy, the combination of tissue adhesives and sutures may be a promising repair alternative. Future studies are encouraged to adopt long\u2010term effect, adverse effect, and cost\u2010effect analysis as important outcome indicators to comprehensively validate the applicability and generalisability of tissue adhesives.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Relevance to clinical practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>For first\u2010degree perineal lacerations, we do not recommend using tissue adhesives alone to repair the wound, given the increased wound complications. While for episiotomy, the combination of tissue adhesives and sutures may be a promising alternative to the use of sutures exclusively. Additionally, the adverse effect and long\u2010term effect of using tissue adhesives alone to repair perineal trauma should be further clarified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.16086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T14:02:42Z","timestamp":1634824962000},"page":"1569-1586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of tissue adhesives in repairing perineal trauma during childbirth: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1236-578X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huijie","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qifang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aihua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Library Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/aog.0000000000002841"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471\u20100528.1991.tb10343.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31083\/J.CEOG.2020.05.2060"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.7b00969"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020\u20107292(02)00144\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2320\u20101770.ijrcog20163423"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2010.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07399332.2018.1445253"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2020.1740917"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004287.pub4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2010.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784\u2010020\u201003683\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553\u20102712.2003.tb00027.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/526590"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2015.150198"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","first-page":"1401","article-title":"Perineal care","volume":"2015","author":"Frohlich J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Clinical Evidence"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","unstructured":"Green S. 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