{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T15:37:26Z","timestamp":1784907446042,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13-14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims and objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate nurse\u2010led nonpharmacological interventions for improving cognition in people with dementia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Starting in 2006, donepezil was administered worldwide to improve cognition; however, its side effects limited its therapeutic value for long\u2010term use, prompting a need for nonpharmacological interventions to improve cognition. Nurse\u2010led nonpharmacological interventions are especially important because they are effective in terms of resources and costs, reduce patient latency and improve patient safety and satisfaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review was identified by searching 10 electronic databases. The search period was between 1 January 2007, and 30 September 2021. Languages were limited to English and Korean. The inclusion criteria were studies of nurse\u2010led interventions that evaluated cognition using validated instruments. The exclusion criteria were qualitative research, scale development studies, abstracts and grey literature. Quality appraisal of research was conducted using the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions for quasi\u2010experimental studies and the Risk of Bias 2.0 for randomised controlled studies. This study was conducted in accordance with PRISMA reporting guideline (Appendix\u00a0<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#jocn16430-supitem-0001\">S1<\/jats:ext-link>). The search protocol was registered in the PROSPERO (CRD 42021229358).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 24 studies were included in the systematic review, and 15 studies were included in the meta\u2010analysis. Meta\u2010analysis included 8 RCT and 7 quasi\u2010experimental studies. The studies (11 quasi\u2010experimental studies and 9 randomised controlled studies) demonstrated low to moderate quality of evidence for improving the cognition of people with dementia. The meta\u2010analysis showed that nurse\u2010led single nonpharmacological interventions more effectively improved cognition than complex interventions in people with dementia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nurse\u2010led nonpharmacological interventions were effective for improving cognition in people with dementia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Relevance to clinical practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nurses are qualified professionals with expertise in providing nonpharmacological interventions to improve cognition in people with dementia. Nurse\u2010led nonpharmacological interventions for this purpose should be developed in future research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.16430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,2]],"date-time":"2022-07-02T06:09:33Z","timestamp":1656742173000},"page":"3155-3172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Systematic review and <scp>meta\u2010analysis<\/scp> of randomization controlled and nonrandomized controlled studies on nurse\u2010led nonpharmacological interventions to improve cognition in people with dementia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6061-0255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yujin","family":"Suh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthcare Sciences and the Human Ecology Research Institute College of Nursing, Healthcare sciences and the Human Ecology, Dong\u2010eui University  Busan South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumi","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing and Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project Yonsei University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Go\u2010Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing Inje University  Busan South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2805-1622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"JuHee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mo\u2010Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei Evidence Based Nursing Centre of Korea Joanna Briggs Institute of Excellence College of Nursing, Yonsei University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003260.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijn.12072"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266\u2010015\u20100266\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317508317527"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S169565"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988715598233"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","volume":"21","author":"Edition F.","year":"2013","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2017.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006489.pub4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2015.1132677"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741\u20107015\u20109\u2010129"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102702.2009.03041.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12786\/bn.2015.8.1.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610212001822"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","volume-title":"Thomas Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions (version 6.2)","author":"Higgins J.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4040\/jkan.2011.41.4.528"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Effects of a music program on cognitive function and disturbing behavior in elders with dementia","volume":"11","author":"Hong Y. 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