{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T05:25:57Z","timestamp":1789795557719,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005233","name":"American Nurses Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["no grant number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no grant number"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005233","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Research has shown sleep problems, elevated fatigue, and high cases of burnout, as well as signs of post\u2010traumatic stress and psychological distress among nurses during the COVID\u201019 pandemic. Many US hospitals attempted to minimise its impact on staff by providing basic resources, mental health services, and wellness programs. Therefore, it is critical to re\u2010evaluate these well\u2010being indices and guide future administrative efforts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the long\u2010term impact of the COVID\u201019 pandemic after 18\u2009months on hospital nurses' insomnia, fatigue, burnout, post\u2010traumatic stress, and psychological distress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data were collected online mainly through state board and nursing association listservs between July\u2013September 2021 (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20092488). The survey had psychometrically tested instruments (Insomnia Severity Index, Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Short Post\u2010Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Patient Health Questionnaire\u20104) and sections on demographics, health, and work. The STrengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology checklist was followed for reporting.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nurses had subthreshold insomnia, moderate\u2010to\u2010high chronic fatigue, high acute fatigue, and low\u2010to\u2010moderate intershift recovery. Regarding burnout, they experienced increased emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment, and some depersonalisation. Nurses had mild psychological distress but scored high on post\u2010traumatic stress. Nurses who frequently cared for patients with COVID\u201019 in the past months scored significantly worse in all measures than their co\u2010workers. Factors such as nursing experience, shift length, and frequency of rest breaks were significantly related to all well\u2010being indices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nurses' experiences were similar to findings from the early pandemic but with minor improvements in psychological distress. Nurses who frequently provided COVID\u201019 patient care, worked \u226512\u2009h per shift, and skipped rest breaks scored worse on almost all well\u2010being indices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Relevance to clinical practice<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Administration can help nurses' recovery by providing psychological support, mental health services, and treatment options for insomnia, as well as re\u2010structure current work schedules and ensure that rest breaks are taken.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.16451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T23:19:12Z","timestamp":1658531952000},"page":"273-287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["The insomnia, fatigue, and psychological well\u2010being of hospital nurses 18\u2009months after the\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019 pandemic began: A\u00a0cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1989-0483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Knar","family":"Sagherian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing The University of Tennessee Knoxville  Knoxville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7296-2581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyeonmi","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8508-7787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linsey M.","family":"Steege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18178970"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2020.110343"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","unstructured":"American Nurses Association Enterprise(2022).Well\u2010Being Initiative. 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