{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T05:35:51Z","timestamp":1772256951282,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Aims and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To determine the frequency, timing, and duration of post\u2010acute sequelae of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection (PASC) and their impact on health and function.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Post\u2010acute sequelae of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection is an emerging major public health problem that is poorly understood and has no current treatment or cure. PASC is a new syndrome that has yet to be fully clinically characterised.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n \n Descriptive cross\u2010sectional survey (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a05163) was conducted from online COVID\u201019 survivor support groups who reported symptoms for more than 21\u2009days following SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Participants reported background demographics and the date and method of their covid diagnosis, as well as all symptoms experienced since onset of covid in terms of the symptom start date, duration, and Likert scales measuring three symptom\u2010specific health impacts: pain and discomfort, work impairment, and social impairment. Descriptive statistics and measures of central tendencies were computed for participant demographics and symptom data.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Participants reported experiencing a mean of 21 symptoms (range 1\u201393); fatigue (79.0%), headache (55.3%), shortness of breath (55.3%) and difficulty concentrating (53.6%) were the most common. Symptoms often remitted and relapsed for extended periods of time (duration\n M<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0112\u2009days), longest lasting symptoms included the inability to exercise (\n M<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0106.5\u2009days), fatigue (\n M<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0101.7\u2009days) and difficulty concentrating, associated with memory impairment (\n M<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0101.1\u2009days). Participants reported extreme pressure at the base of the head, syncope, sharp or sudden chest pain, and \u201cbrain pressure\u201d among the most distressing and impacting daily life.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Post\u2010acute sequelae of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection can be characterised by a wide range of symptoms, many of which cause moderate\u2010to\u2010severe distress and can hinder survivors' overall well\u2010being.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Relevance to Clinical Practice<\/jats:title>\n This study advances our understanding of the symptoms of PASC and their health impacts.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.16541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T02:44:29Z","timestamp":1664592269000},"page":"76-88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The other\n COVID<\/scp>\n \u201019 survivors: Timing, duration, and health impact of post\u2010acute sequelae of\n SARS\u2010CoV<\/scp>\n \u20102 infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4820-2619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"Lambert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Survivor Corps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4435-4700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah A.","family":"El\u2010Azab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Management and Policy University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan S.","family":"Ramrakhiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University Providence Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Barisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University Providence Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Labor and Employment Relations University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign Champaign Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaitlyn","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lambert Health Lab Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Esperan\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue School of Engineering and Technology Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Mendiola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue School of Engineering and Technology Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles A.","family":"Downs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing & Health Studies University of Miami Coral Gables Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather L.","family":"Abrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing University of California Irvine Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing University of California Irvine Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amir M.","family":"Rahmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing University of California Irvine Irvine California USA"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Science University of California Irvine Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Borelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Science University of California Irvine Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rana","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa D.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing University of California Irvine Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Persistent symptoms in patients after acute COVID\u201019","volume":"324","author":"Carfi A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"Fahmy A.(2020).Women with chronic COVID\u201019 struggle to be heard by doctors. Verywell Health.https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/female\u2010covid\u201019\u2010long\u2010haulers\u2010doctors\u2010dismiss\u2010symptoms\u20105075224"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052621"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.03.03.21252086"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"Johns Hopkins University of Medicine. (2021).COVID\u201019 dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU).https:\/\/coronavirus.jhu.edu\/map.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"Lambert N. &Survivor Corps. (2020).COVID\u201019 \u201clong hauler\u201d symptoms survey report.https:\/\/static1.squarespace.com\/static\/5e8b5f63562c031c16e36a93\/t\/5f459ef7798e8b6037fa6c57\/1598398215120\/2020+Survivor+Corps+COVID\u201019+%27Long+Hauler%27+Symptoms+Survey+Report+%28revised+July+25.4%29.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1825914"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2018.0622"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m2815"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.22176"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.03.18.21253888"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl\u20102020\u2010216377"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6930e1"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"1633","article-title":"COVID\u201019 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome, or is it mast cell activation syndrome?","volume":"34","author":"Theoharides T. 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