{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T08:13:13Z","timestamp":1789632793090,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"15-16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U22A20334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U22A20334"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This meta\u2010analysis aimed to investigate the safety and feasibility of preoperative chewing gum in adult patients undergoing elective surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Postoperative chewing gum has been shown to be safe and effective for most surgeries, while the safety and efficacy of preoperative chewing gum are still controversial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A meta\u2010analysis of randomised controlled trials was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>No Patient or Public Contribution<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a meta\u2010analysis involving no people or animals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The literature search was performed in 9 databases from inception to July 2022. Randomised controlled trials that compared the safety and efficacy of preoperative chewing gum and preoperative chewing no gum in adult patients undergoing elective surgery were included. The study was reported in compliance with PRISMA statement. Trial registration: PROSPERO CRD42022330223.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fourteen trials involving 1433 adult patients who undergo elective surgery were pooled in this meta\u2010analysis. The results showed that preoperative chewing gum group resulted in no significant difference in gastric pH (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.13) and gastric fluid volume (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.25) compared with non\u2010gum\u2010chewing group. In comparison with the non\u2010gum\u2010chewing group, the gum\u2010chewing group was associated with shorter preoperative thirst score (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.02), lower incidence of postoperative nausea (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0004), lower incidence of postoperative sore throat, lower incidence of postoperative hoarseness, lower postoperative pain score, shorter first postoperative anal exhaust time (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.00001), shorter first postoperative defecation time (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.00001) and shorter hospital days (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.02).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preoperative chewing gum was associated with lower discomforts and complication rates, without increasing gastric pH and gastric fluid volume. This strategy may be an innovative, feasible and safe choice for elective surgery in adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Relevance to Clinical Practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study's results could be used as an evidence for the implementation of preoperative chewing gum in perioperative care for adult patients undergoing elective surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.16604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T05:34:06Z","timestamp":1674538446000},"page":"4295-4310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Efficacy and safety of preoperative chewing gum for undergoing elective surgery: A meta\u2010analysis of randomised controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Xinrong","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"West China School of Nursing \/West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengting","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West China School of Nursing \/West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingzhu","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West China School of Nursing \/West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1091-1505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ka","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West China School of Nursing \/West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1526913"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1072\u20107515(02)01179\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010022\u201007942\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268\u2010020\u201005897\u20101"},{"issue":"47","key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"The effect of chewing gum before and after operation on the exhaust and defecation of gynecological laparoscopic patients","volume":"5","author":"Cai X. 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