{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T11:00:07Z","timestamp":1776855607876,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"23-24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015652","name":"Barts Charity","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015652","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the mental well\u2010being of early career nurses working in the United Kingdom during the COVID\u201019 pandemic, with a particular emphasis on symptoms related to post\u2010traumatic stress disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A longitudinal survey study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were acquired at three timepoints during the COVID\u201019 pandemic (between May 2020 and March 2021) to determine whether symptoms of post\u2010traumatic stress disorder persisted over time. Quantitative measures of well\u2010being were supplemented with survey data on the nurses' experiences of working during the pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010seven per cent of participants suffered from persistent symptoms of post\u2010traumatic stress while working as nurses during the pandemic. The nurses' baseline resilience, as well as their perception of the quality of their work environment, were significant negative predictors of symptoms of post\u2010traumatic stress. Participants identified a range of strategies that would have helped them during the crisis, including visible, consistent and empathetic leadership, adequate training and a supportive work environment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The context of the pandemic has highlighted the vulnerability of the psychological well\u2010being of early career nurses in the workforce. Immediate implementation of some of the more simple interventions suggested in this paper would provide early career nurses with rapid support. More complex support mechanisms should be given immediate consideration, with a view to implementation in the longer term.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Implications for the Profession<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study contributes new knowledge about the psychological well\u2010being of early career nurses working during the pandemic and suggests support mechanisms that will be crucial for the retention of these nurses in the profession. A measurement of resilience may be useful for determining the appropriate level of support to provide to early career nurses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Impact<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Early career nurses are vulnerable to attrition from the profession. This could be exacerbated if the psychological well\u2010being of these nurses is not being supported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Around 25% of early career nurses suffered from persistent symptoms of post\u2010traumatic stress disorder while working as nurses during the height of the pandemic, which is a novel finding compared to other longitudinal studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Understanding the psychological well\u2010being of early career nurses working during a crisis period (such as a pandemic) equips nurse managers with appropriate strategies to improve nurses' emotional health and to enhance their retention within the workforce.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The current findings may be of interest to clinical practitioners who have responsibility for the retention of nursing staff.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p>No patient or public contribution.<\/jats:p><jats:p>One of the authors is a statistician.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.16879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T18:58:13Z","timestamp":1696532293000},"page":"8063-8077","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Symptoms of post\u2010traumatic stress disorder in early career nurses during the COVID\u201019 pandemic: A longitudinal survey study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8867-0150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judy","family":"Brook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"City, University of London  Northampton Square, London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beverley","family":"Duguid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City, University of London  Northampton Square, London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City, University of London  Northampton Square, London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e1717"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"American Nurses Association. 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